Chapter 1 Purpose, Definitions and Rules (page 2) Flashcards
Identify the purpose(s) of assessment.
- To identify the physical structures responsible for the client’s symptoms. With orthopedic conditions, the examiner aims to perform a physical test (or tests) that duplicates exactly the symptoms of which the patient complains. It is not always possible to identify a primary lesion.
- To assess the function of all related tissues and structures. (This includes those resulting from and predisposing to the primary complaint.)
- To assess the ability of the client to perform daily activities.
________________ is where the distance between the origin and insertion of the muscle increases.
ECCENTRIC contraction
_______________ is where the distance between the origin and insertion of the muscle decreases.
CONCENTRIC contraction
________________ is the type muscle contraction without change in the force of contraction.
ISOTONIC
This is the type of muscle contraction without a change in distance in the length of the muscle.
Isometric Contraction
_________: A group of muscles innervated from a single spinal nerve root.
Myotome
_____________ involves resisting the action of the specific muscle innervated by a particular nerve root.
Myotome Testing
____________: an area of bone, joint, or ligament innervated from a single spinal nerve root.
Sclerotome
____________ refers to the area of skin supplied with afferent nerve fibres by a single posterior spinal root.
Dermatome
Dermatomal sensory testing is performed with a _________, ________ or _____________ to assess the patency of a single spinal nerve.
Cottonball
Pinwheel
Reflex Hammer
__________________: a reflected action or movement, where a stimulus is sent to the spinal cord and relayed back to a muscle via a lower motor nerve, used to evaluate the integrity of the nerve supply of specific nerve roots in the area being tested.
DEEP TENDON REFLEX (DTR)
_________________ involves the patient’s movement of a joint through its entire range without assistance.
ACTIVE RANGE OF MOTION TESTING
(AROM or AF-Mobility)
___________________ involves the therapist attempting to move the joint through its entire range of motion without assistance from the patient.
PASSIVE RANGE OF MOTION TESTING
(PROM or PR-Passive Relaxed)
Identify 3 things that a therapist should observe during the movement (AROM).
- The patient’s willingness to move the joint.
- Where, in the range there is onset of pain or restriction.
- How the affected side’s range, compares to the unaffected side.
Identify 3 things that a therapist should observe during the movement (PROM).
- Where in the range there is onset of pain or restriction.
- How the point of onset of pain or restriction compares to ACTIVE range.
- How the affected side’s range compares to the unaffected side.
_____________ is a type of range of motion that challenges soft tissues and the joint. It is used to assess ___________.
PASSIVE FORCED (PF)
END-FEELS
__________________ involves the contraction of muscle against resistance supplied by the examiner.
RESISTED TESTING (ARROM)
Identify at least 3 rationale for the use of ARROM.
- To assess for lesions in muscle and tendon
- To test nervous innervation of muscle
- To assess strength
________ is a small additional force exerted by the therapist when the AROM and PROM are not full to lengthen muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsule.
Stretch
____________ is a force exerted by the therapist at the end of an _____ to take the movement passively through to the normal end of _____; it enables the examiner to assess the “end-feel” of the movement without performing PROM; may only be used on ___________.
OVERPRESSURE
AROM
PROM
PAIN-FREE AROMs
When assessing for lesions in muscle and tendon, the examiner resists an isometric contraction with the joint in a neutral position so as to __________________.
**Slacken the capsule and non-contractile tissue **
As long as no movement occurs across the joint, increased pain associated with isometric testing in neutral can be reasonably attributed to ____________.
Muscle or Tendon
To test for nervous innervation of muscle, longer contractions against resistance are used (5 seconds or longer). Why is this so?
This is because myotomal weakness takes time to develop, and may not be evident with resistance of shorter duration.