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AP Human Geography > Chapter 9 Key Issues 1 And 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Key Issues 1 And 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the HDI?

A

Human development index- recognizes a country’s level of development through economic, social and demographic factors.

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1
Q

What is development?

A

The process of improving material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.

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2
Q

Who was the the HDI created by?

A

United Nations

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3
Q

What is the economic factor in HDI?

A

GDP per capita

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4
Q

What are the social factors of the HDI?

A

Literacy rate and amount of education

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5
Q

What is the demographic factor in HDI?

A

Life expectancy

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6
Q

What are the four economic indicators of development?

A

Gross domestic product per capita
Types of jobs
Productivity
Consumer goods

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7
Q

What is gross domestic product?

A

Value of total output of goods and services produced in a country, usually in a year.

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8
Q

GDP/total population=

A

Contribution made by the average individual towards generating a country’s wealth.

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9
Q

What are primary sector jobs?

A

Directly extract materials from earth through agriculture.

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10
Q

What are secondary sector jobs?

A

Manufacturers that process, transform, and assemble raw materials into useful products.

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11
Q

What are tertiary sector jobs?

A

Goods and services to people in exchange for payment.

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12
Q

What are quaternary sector jobs?

A

Processing and finding out information

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13
Q

What is productivity?

A

The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.

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14
Q

How is productivity measured?

A

Value added per capita

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15
Q

What is value added per capita?

A

Gross value of product minus the costs of raw material and energy.

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16
Q

What are especially important goods and services related to in MDCs?

A

Transportation and communication

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17
Q

What are two social indicators of development?

A

Education and literacy

Health and welfare

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18
Q

What are two ways that education and literacy tested?

A

Student teacher ratio

Literacy rate

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19
Q

What are the four demographic indicators of development?

A

Life expectancy
Infant mortality rate
Natural increase rate
Crude birth rate

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20
Q

How many major cultural regions are there? How many are more developed?

A

9

2

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21
Q

What are the three other distinctive areas that are not major cultural regions?

A

Russia
Japan
Oceania

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22
Q

What is the north-south split?

A

Most MDCs are north of 30 degrees north latitude, and most LDCs are south.

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23
Q

What is the HDI of North America?

A

0.95

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24
Q

Where is North America near the top?

A

GDP and literacy rate

25
Q

Where is North America lower than many other regions?

A

Education

Life expectancy

26
Q

What is North America the leading exporter of?

27
Q

What is the HDI of Europe?

28
Q

Europe is the worlds ______ and ______ market.

A

Largest

Richest

29
Q

______ and _______ European countries lag in development.

A

Southern

Eastern

30
Q

What is Europe dependent on?

A

International trade

31
Q

What is the HDI of Russia? More or less developed?

32
Q

What caused a large drop in the HDI of Russia?

A

The switch from communism and going into a market economy

33
Q

What is the HDI of japan? More or less developed?

34
Q

How did japan become an industrial power?

A

Many people willing to work for very low wages

35
Q

Where does japan concentrate it’s resources?

A

Rigorous educational systems

Research and development

36
Q

What is the HDI of Oceania? More or less developed?

37
Q

What is Australia the leader in?

A

Mining important materials

38
Q

Where are the economies of Australia and New Zealand increasingly tied to?

A

Japan and other Asian countries

39
Q

What is the HDI of Latin America? More or less developed?

40
Q

Why is overall development hindered in Latin America?

A

Inequitable income distribution

41
Q

Who is Latin America dependent on trade with?

42
Q

What is the HDI of east Asia? More or less developed?

43
Q

What is the economy increasingly driven by in east Asia?

44
Q

China is the worlds largest ____ and _____.

A

Market

Manufacturer

45
Q

Why has china fallen behind in development?

A

Cival wars and foreign invasions

46
Q

What is the HDI of Southwest Asia and North Africa? More or less developed?

47
Q

Southwest Asia and North Africa have a desert which means they must _____ most products.

48
Q

Southwest Asia and North Africa have large resources of what?

49
Q

What beliefs conflict with business practices in MDCs?

50
Q

What the HDI of Southeast Asia? More or less developed?

51
Q

What limits cultivation of most grains in Southeast Asia?

A

Tropical climate

52
Q

Why has economic growth slowed in Southeast Asia?

A

Economic reforms

53
Q

What is the HDI of Central Asia? More or less developed?

54
Q

What is the HDI of South Asia? More or less developed?

55
Q

South Asia has second highest ______ and second lowest _______.

A

Population

Per capita income

56
Q

What is South Asia dependent on for crops?

A

Monsoon rains

57
Q

What is the HDI of sub Saharan Africa? More or less developed?

58
Q

Sub Saharan Africa has the highest percentage of people in _____

59
Q

Sub Saharan Africa suffers from poor _____ and low ______ levels

A

Health

Education

60
Q

______ states in sub Saharan Africa have difficulty shipping materials.

A

Landlocked

AP Human Geography (22 decks)

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