Chapter 10 Vocab

Question 0

Agriculture

Answer 0

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of earths surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.

Question 1

Agribusiness

Answer 1

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.

Question 2

Cereal grain

Answer 2

A grass yielding grain for food

Question 3

Chaff

Answer 3

Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.

Question 4

Combine

Answer 4

A machine that reaps threshes and cleans grain while moving over a field.

Question 5

Commercial agriculture

Answer 5

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.

Question 6

Crop

Answer 6

Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season.

Question 7

Crop rotation

Answer 7

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil.

Question 8

Desertification

Answer 8

Degradation of land especially in semi arid areas primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting animal grazing and tree cutting.

Question 9

Double cropping

Answer 9

Harvesting twice a year from the same field.

Question 10

Grain

Answer 10

Seed of a cereal grass

Question 11

Green revolution

Answer 11

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.

Question 12

Horticulture

Answer 12

The growing of fruits vegetables and flowers.

Question 13

Hull

Answer 13

The outer covering of a seed

Question 14

Intensive subsistence agriculture

Answer 14

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.

Question 15

Milkshed

Answer 15

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.

Question 16

Paddy

Answer 16

Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah.

Question 17

Pastoral nomadism

Answer 17

A for of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.

Question 18

Pasture

Answer 18

Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals as well as land used for grazing.

Question 19

Plantation

Answer 19

A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.

Question 20

Prime agricultural land

Answer 20

The most productive farmland.

Question 21

Ranching

Answer 21

A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.

Question 22

Reaper

Answer 22

A machine that cuts cereal graininess standing in the field.

Question 23

Ridge tillage

Answer 23

System of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.

Question 24

Sawah

Answer 24

A flooded field for growing rice.

Question 25

Shifting cultivation

Answer 25

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shit activity from one field to another. Each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.

Question 26

Slash-and-burn agriculture

Answer 26

Another name for shifting cultivation so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.

Question 27

Sprig wheat

Answer 27

Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer.

Question 28

Subsistence agriculture

Answer 28

Agriculture designed primarily to provide for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmers family.

Question 29

Sustainable agriculture

Answer 29

Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides.

Question 30

Swidden

Answer 30

A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.

Question 31

Thresh

Answer 31

To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it.

Question 32

Transhumance

Answer 32

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.

Question 33

Truck farming

Answer 33

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because “truck” was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities.

Question 34

Wet rice

Answer 34

Rice planted on dryland in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth.

Question 35

Winnow

Answer 35

To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind.

Question 36

Winter wheat

Answer 36

Wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer.