Chapter 9- IQ and Thinking

Question 1

Briefly describe Galton’s theory of IQ

Answer 1

Galton theorized that intelligence was a byproduct of sensory capacity

Question 2

What do most experts agree about the construct of intelligence? (hint: 4 abilities)

Question 3

Briefly describe Spearman’s theory of intelligence (make sure to discuss “g” and “s”)

Question 4

Describe Cattell and Horn’s theory of IQ.

Answer 4

Cattell and Horn theorized that “intelligence” is a mix of two capacities

Capacity to learn new ways of solving problems, or fluid intelligence

Accumulated knowledge of the world we gain over time, or crystallized intelligence

Question 5

List and briefly describe Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

Answer 5

Intra- Personal
Naturalistic
Spatial
Musical
Interpersonal
Logical Reasoning
Kinesthetic
Linguistic

Question 6

What are two criticism of Gardner’s theory?

Question 7

List and briefly describe the 3 elements of the triarchic model of intelligence. Who is the
originator of this model?

Question 8

What has been found about brain size and intelligence in humans? What does this
correlation mean?

Question 9

What has been found about reaction time and IQ?

Question 10

What has been found about memory and IQ?

Question 11

What cortex of the brain has been most strongly associated with “g”?

Question 12

What does double curse of incompetence refer to?

Question 13

How was IQ initially calculated? What is the formula? What is the critical flaw in this
approach? What statistic do modern IQ test rely on?

Question 14

Know how to calculate IQ using Mental Age. Know how to look up a deviation IQ using
a raw score and chronological age.

Question 15

5. What were two disturbing practices associated with the eugenics movement in North America?

Question 16

How does the stability of IQ change across infancy and childhood?

Question 17

How do psychologist define intellectual disability? (3 criteria).

Question 18

What three types of methods have been used to study the impact of genetics versus environment on IQ?

Question 19

What 3 lines of evidence suggest that schooling exerts a causal influence on IQ?

Question 20

Describe how poverty may effect IQ

Answer 20

Lack of proper nutrition and safe environment.

Higher lead levels.

Question 21

Describe 4 possible explanations for the Flynn effect.

Answer 21

Most likely the result of environmental changes.

Increased test
sophistication

Increased complexity of modern world

Better nutrition

Changes at home and school

Question 22

What has been found about sex differences in IQ?

Answer 22

males are more variable in their scores, prominent in tail ends.

More women with average scores.

Not strong correlation.

Female- verbal and social tasks
Male- spatial and abstract thinking

Question 23

Intelligence Test

Answer 23

standardized assessment designed to measure an individual’s cognitive abilities.

Question 24

g (general intelligence)

Answer 24

(g) accounts for overall differences in intellect among people

Question 25

Stanfor- Binet IQ Test

Question 26

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Answer 26

is a score derived from standardized tests designed to measure human intelligence.

Question 27

s (specific ability)

Answer 27

s (unique to the task)

Question 28

fluid intelligence

Answer 28

Capacity to learn new ways of solving problems

Question 29

crystallized intelligence

Answer 29

Accumulated knowledge of the world we gain over time

Question 30

multiple intelligences

Answer 30

Several theorists argue that there are entirely different domains of intellectual skill

Question 31

Triarchic Model

Answer 31

Sternberg theorized three largely distinct types of intelligence: analytic, practical and creative

Question 32

Intellectual Disability

Answer 32

Characterized by childhood onset of low I Q (below about 70) and inability to engage in adequate daily functioning

Question 33

Within- Group Heritability

Answer 33

proportion of variance in a trait that can be attributed to genetic differences among individuals within a specific group.

Question 34

Mental Age

Answer 34

age corresponding to the average individual’s performance on an intelligence test

Question 35

Deviation IQ

Answer 35

is a modern way of scoring intelligence tests, where a person’s score is compared to the average score of a specific age group.

Question 36

Eugenics

Answer 36

improve a population’s genetic stock by encouraging those with good genes to reproduce, discouraging those with bad genes from reproducing, or both

Question 37

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Answer 37

Uses 15 subtests to generate these 5 categories

Overall I Q
Verbal comprehension
Perceptual reasoning
Working memory
Processing speed

Question 38

Culturally- Fair IQ Test

Answer 38

Consist of abstract-reasoning items that don’t depend on language

Question 39

Flynn Effect

Answer 39

The average I Q of the population has been rising by about 3 points every 10 years

Question 40

Between- Group Heritability

Answer 40

Proportion of variance in a trait that can be attributed to genetic differences between distinct groups, such as populations or ethnicities.

how much of the variation in a characteristic is due to genetic factors when comparing different groups that may have different environmental conditions, cultural backgrounds, or other influences.