Chapter 9: Intelligence Flashcards
Individual differences approach
The assessment and evaluation of individual psychological abilities.
Psychometrics
The science of measuring mental capacities and processes.
Biometrics
The application of statistics to biological phenomena.
Factor analysis
A statistical technique that explains a large number of correlations in terms of a small number of underlying factors.
Two-factor theory of intelligence
Spearman’s theory suggesting that every task requires a combination of a general ability (g) and skills that are specific to the task (s) and shred with no other.
Ratio IQ
A statistic obtained by dividing a person’s mental age by the person’s physical age and then multiplying the quotient by 100.
Deviation IQ
A statistic obtained by dividing a person’s test score by the average test score of people in the same age group and then multiplying the quotient by 100.
Epidemiology
The scientific examination of factors that contribute to disease.
Fluid intelligence
The biologically limited capacity for processing information.
Crystallized intelligence
The accuracy and amount of information available for processing.
Tacit knowledge
The information that people have about specific, everyday life situations.
Prodigy
A person of normal intelligence who has an extraordinary ability.
Prodigy
A person of normal intelligence who has an extraordinary ability.
Savant
A person of low intelligence who has an extraordinary ability.
Intelligence
A hypothetical mental ability that enables people to direct their thinking, adapt to their circumstances and learn from their experiences.
Emotional intelligence (EQ)
The ability to empathize and evaluate others’ emotions.
Creativity
The ability to generate ideas or alternatives that may be useful in solving problems, communicating and entertaining ourselves.
Wisdom
An expert knowledge system concerning the fundamental pragmatics in life.
Identical twins (monozygotic twins)
Twins who develop from the splitting of a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm.
Fraternal twins (dizygotic twins)
Twins who develop from two different eggs that were fertilized by two different sperms.
