Chapter 9 Improvements in public health Flashcards
When was Britain’s public health in a poor situation?
early 1800s
What was the average age of death for a working man in early 1800s Britain?
30 years
What was the average age of death for a working man in Liverpool in the early 1800s?
15 years
In the early 1800s, how many children in Manchester died before they reached their first birthday?
1 in every 5
How many children died before they reached the age of five in Manchester in the early 1800s?
1 in every 3
What may have happened to public health in the early 1800s?
It may have been worse than in previous centuries
For how long did Britain’s towns and cities grow very quickly in the 1800s?
They grew very quickly in the first 50 years of the 1800s
What was the population of Sheffield in 1750?
12,000
What was the population of Sheffield in 1850?
150,000
What was the reason for population increase in Sheffield from 1750 to 1850 (and likely many others towns and cities in the early 1800s)?
People flocked to the town to get a job in one of the new factories and obtain the new life promised with it
What were “back-to-back” houses?
They were houses built quickly to accommodate the thousands of people working in factories (many factories were built in the early 1800s in Britain)
Where were many new factories built in the early 1800s in Britain?
The north and midlands of England
What was the population of Bradford in 1801 and 1851?
Bradford’s population was 13,000 in 1801 and 104,000 in 1851
What was the population of Glasgow in 1801 and 1851?
Glasgow’s population was 77,000 in 1801 and 329,000 in 1851
What was the population of Liverpool in 1801 and 1851?
Liverpool’s population was 82,000 in 1801 and 376,000 in 1851
What was the population of Birmingham in 1801 and 1851?
Birmingham’s population was 71,000 in 1801 and 233,000 in 1851
What was the population of Manchester in 1801 and 1851?
Manchester’s population was 70,000 in 1801 and 303,000 in 1851
What was the population of Leeds in 1801 and 1851?
Leeds’ population was 53,000 in 1801 and 172,000 in 1851
What was the population of London in 1801 and 1851?
London’s population was 957,000 in 1801 and 2,362,000 in 1851
What was the population of Bath in 1801 and 1851?
Bath’s population was 33,000 in 1801 and 54,000 in 1851
What was the population of Norwich in 1801 and 1851?
Norwich’s population was 36,000 in 1801 and 68,000 in 1851
What was the population of York in 1801 and 1851?
York’s population was 17,000 in 1801 and 34,000 in 1851
How many people often lived in one small room in a back-to-back house?
Often 5 or more
How many people were found sharing one room in Liverpool once and when?
40 people were found sharing one room in 1847
How did some families use a bucket to dispose of faeces?
Some families could only manage a bucket in a room’s corner which was emptied sometimes into the street or stored with faeces until there was enough to sell as manure
What was a street toilet?
A deep hole with a wooded shed overhead which was occasionally present for people to defecate. However, it was shared by many families
Where did people in back-to-back houses get their water from and how clean was this?
Sometimes a water pump provided water, but often water only came from the local pond or river and was just as filthy as the street water
What were some major factors in slums which made diseases common?
There were no street cleaners, sewers, rubbish collections or running fresh water. Sewage trickled into the streets and nearby rivers, yet most families washed their clothes and drank from the same river
Why were their no clear strategies to deal with disease outbreaks in towns and cities?
Although governments in all major European nations were concerned by disease outbreaks, people did not know what truly caused disease in the early 1800s, so there was no clear strategy to combat this.
When did Cholera arrive in Britain?
1831
How many people did Cholera kill In Britain in 1831 alone?
around 50,000
How long did the cholera epidemic of 1831 in Britain take to pass?
The cholera epidemic passed after a few months and life was returning to normal