Chapter 12 Modern public health

Question 1

When did the Boer War occur?

Answer 1

1899 - 1902

Question 2

In which region of the world did the Boer War occur?

Answer 2

Southern Africa

Question 3

During the Boer War, what percentage of men who volunteered for the army were unfit to be soldiers?

Answer 3

40%

Question 4

In some big British cities during the Boer War, what percentage of men were unfit to be soldiers?

Answer 4

90%

Question 5

What did the government do after the realisation that many men were unfit to be soldiers in the Boer War?

Answer 5

It set up a special committee to inquire into the “Physical Deterioration of the People”

Question 6

When did the special committee to look into the deterioration of the people release its report?

Answer 6

1904

Question 7

According to the 1904 report by the special committee, what was a major cause many men were failing to enter the army?

Answer 7

They led unhealthy lives

Question 8

Who fought against each other in the Boer War?

Answer 8

The British and the Boers

Question 9

Who were the Boers?

Answer 9

Descendants of Dutch settlers in Africa

Question 10

What were some special investigations into the lives of the poor in Britain?

Answer 10

“Life and Labour of the People in London”; “Poverty: A Study of Town Life”

Question 11

Who wrote “Life and Labour of the People in London”?

Answer 11

Charles Booth

Question 12

What did “Life and Labour of the People in London” find out about poverty?

Answer 12

Around 30% of Londoners were so poor they didn’t eat properly, despite having full-time jobs

Question 13

Who wrote “Poverty: A Study of Town Life”?

Answer 13

Seebohm Rowntree

Question 14

When was “Poverty: A Study of Town Life” published?

Answer 14

1901

Question 15

What did “Poverty: A Study of Town Life” find out about poverty?

Answer 15

In York, 28% of the population didn’t have the minimum amount of money to live on at some time of their life

Question 16

How did Germany contribute to fears over the bad state of Britain’s workers?

Answer 16

Germany had a good system of state welfare for workers and was beginning to produce as much coal, iron and steel as Britain

Question 17

What was a nation-related fear caused by the bad state of Britain’s workers?

Answer 17

Some people feared that the bad state of Britain’s workers could lead to the decline of the country as a great industrial power

Question 18

How did changing attitudes contribute to the Liberal social reforms?

Answer 18

By the very late 1800s and early 1900s, more people were starting to feel that a key responsibility of the government was taking care of people who couldn’t care for themselves

Question 19

Who were some Liberal Party politicians who believed direct government action was the way to improve the public health, welfare and productivity of the nation?

Answer 19

Winston Churchill and David Lloyd George

Question 20

When was the Labour Party founded?

Answer 20

1900

Question 21

Which party won the 1906 general election?

Answer 21

Liberal Party

Question 22

Overall, what factors contributed to the Liberal social reforms?

Answer 22

Reports about poverty, the Boer War, changing attitudes, fears for Britain’s industrial power status

Question 23

When was the School Meals Act passed?

Answer 23

1906

Question 24

What did the School Meals Act do?

Answer 24

It allowed local councils to provide school meals, poor children getting a free meal

Question 25

By 1914, how many children were having a free school meal every day?

Answer 25

Over 158,000

Question 26

When Bradford introduced free school meals, what did research show about the heights of poor and rich children?

Answer 26

Research showed that a poor child, on average, was 9 cm shorter than a rich one

Question 27

When did the government tell all councils that they should have a school medical service?

Answer 27

1907

Question 28

When doctors from the school medical service examined children but many parents couldn’t afford treatment, what did the government do?

Answer 28

The government paid for school clinics to be set up with free treatment

Question 29

When was the Children and Young Person’s Act passed?

Answer 29

1908

Question 30

What was the Children and Young Person’s Act nicknamed?

Answer 30

“The Children’s Charter”

Question 31

What did it mean when the Children and Young Person’s Act made children into “protected persons”?

Answer 31

The Act made it illegal for parents to neglect their children or be cruel to them

Question 32

What did the Children and Young Person’s Act do regarding inspectors?

Answer 32

The Act stated inspectors were to regularly visit any children who had been neglected in the past

Question 33

What did the Children and Young Person’s Act do regarding children’s homes?

Answer 33

The Act stated children’s homes were to be regularly inspected

Question 34

What did the Children and Young Person’s Act do regarding young criminals?

Answer 34

The Act stated youth courts and young offenders’ homes were to be set up to keep young criminals away from older ones

Question 35

What did the Children and Young Person’s Act do regarding children and pubs?

Answer 35

The Act stated children under 14 were not allowed into pubs

Question 36

What did the Children and Young Person’s Act do regarding young people and cigarettes?

Answer 36

The Act stated shopkeepers could not sell cigarettes to anyone under 16

Question 37

What happened relating to young women’s health from 1907?

Answer 37

From 1907, special schools were set up to teach young women about the benefits of breastfeeding, hygiene and childcare

Question 38

What did the National Insurance Act do?

Answer 38

The Act introduced unemployment benefit (“the dole”), free medical treatment and sickness pay

Question 39

What occurred during the Liberal social reforms regarding pensions and jobs?

Answer 39

Old Age Pensions were introduced and Britain’s first job centres were built