Chapter 9 - Imperialism and Colonialism - Apr 10 Flashcards
What is colonization?
taking over land, everyone follows the colonizers culture and rule, conforms to their way of life
What is Imperialism?
taking over land, everyone follows colonizers rules, but not culture or way of life
What do countries want ffrom colonization and imperialism?
land and resources and finding Asia to the west
Who are the mayans?
central America, later than Europe, polytheistic, econ: agriculture and trade, number systems and writing
Who are the Aztecs?
central Mexico, tenochitlan, polytheistic, city states, econ: agriculture trade and conquest
What was the demise of the Aztecs/
Spaniards invaded and colonized, brought diseases
Who were the Incas?
South America, macchu Picchu, polytheistic, farming terraces
what was the demise of the incas?
Spaniards took over
Reasons for European exporation?
resources, gold, land, faster route to Asia, spready christianaitty
What is the old world?
Africa, parts of Asia and europe
what is the new world?
colonies in the west
What is the Colombian exchange?
exchange of stuff between the two hemispheres
What is the encomienda system?
Spain used natives to get free labor but offered protections, natives ended up dying
What percentage of natives died from disease?
90%
Why did Europeans take slaves from West Africa?
3 kingdoms, started falling apart bc of tribal clashes, no overall leader like a king, Europeans took advantaege
How many slaves were taken from West Africa?
10 millino
What do the Americas do in the triangle of trade?
export raw materials to Europe and import slaves
What do the Europeans do in the triangle of trade?
export manufactured goods to “trade” with africa
What is the triangle of trade?
the slave and goods trade between the Americas, Europe, and Africa (west)
What is the middle passage?
slaves traveled in packed cargo skips, once a week they saw light, 50% died
How many years did the slave trade last?
300 years
What is mercantilism?
an economic theory that a country gains power by building its wealth by selling more than they buy, leads to inflation
What does east Asia export?
luxury goods
How did the ming start?
rebelled against the Yuan (Mongols)
How did the Qing start?
invaded ming by the Manchu people and became the Qing, but it was weak and Europe entered
Who was Zheng he?
Chinese explorer who brought ideas and goods back to china
How an voyages did Zheng he go on?
7
What happened after Zheng he’s death?
China became isolationisy
Why was China isolationist in the 1500s?
they wanted people they traded with to follow Chinese rules and they didn’t want Europe to threaten the ming prosperity
What country accepted the ming’s trading rules?
dutch/netherlands
Why did Japan fall to new feudalism?
1400s civil war
Why did japa stop trading with Europe?
the got aggresive
Who were the first European explorers?
vikings
What was chirs Columbus looking for?
india
Where did Vasco de gama go?
around Africa to india
What did Magellan do?
circumnavigate the world
What did Cartier do?
claim Canada for france
What did contes do?
conquered Aztecs and mexico
What did Ponce de leon look for?
fountain of youth
WHat did Hudson do?
claimed ny and rivers and bay and stuff for the English and dutch
How many Japanese were converted to christianity by 1600?
300,000
What was Japan’s closed countr policy?
for 200 years al borders and ports closed except for the port of Nagasaki to trade with Dutch and chinese, Japan became self sufficient
What do Europeans do when east Asia closes them out>
they go west and to africa
What are the 3 forms of imperialism?
colony - ruled directly by a forgien power
protectorate - mother country lprotects them and hopes for somethings in exchange
sphere of influence - foreign power gets exclusive rights
How was Africa’s politics before imperialism?
over 1000 languages and groups, relatively peaceful
What happened to the belgian congo?
king leopold the second of Belgium makes treaties in the congo, then claims it, them enslaves them,10 mil Congolese die over 44 years
What was the Berlin conference?
14 European nations decided how to split Africa, stripped it of resources
slave vs enslaved
slave - identity
enslaved - condition
What was the white mans burden?
white ppl believed it was their duty to help these ppl
1. spread christianity
2. civilize and educate other nations
3. end the slave trade
poem, late 1800s
What is he suez canal?
goes thru Egypt to let Europeans go thru africa
Why was China imperialized?
they had spheres of influence in their country after they were weakened by the opium wars
Why was the us late to imperialism?
the civil war
what main 2 islands did the us fight spai for as a protectorate?
Cuba and the phillipines
