Chapter 2 Test - Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt - Oct 11 Flashcards
What present day countries was Mesopotamia in?
Iraq, Iran, and Syria
What does Mesopotamia mean?
Between the rivers
Where is the fertile crescent?
Between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
What kept soil fertile in Mesopotamia?
The constant flooding from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
What were some ways the Mesopotamians controlled water?
Dams, channels, irrigation systems
What was Sumer?
The first major civilization
How do we know the Mesopotamians had a calendar?
They had crop rotation
What major invention was discovered by the Mesopotamians?
The wheel
What were Mesopotamian houses made of?
Mud bricks
Polytheistic Definition
Belief in many gods/deities
Theocracy Definition
Religious leaders also lead the government
Ziggurat Defintion
Large pyramid-like temple at city’s center
What is cuniform?
One of the earliest known writing systems.
What was the order of the 4 invaders of Mesopotamia?
Akkadians
Assyrians
Babylonians
Persians
Who is Hammurabi?
Ancient Babylonian King who came up with the first written laws
What are the laws Hammurabi created called?
Hammurabi’s Code
Who led the Persian empire to take over Mesopotamia?
Cyrus the Great
What leads to the building of empires?
Leaders taking over villiages
Who was the first empire builder and took over Mesopotamia first?
Sargon of Akkad
What did the Sargon dynasty do to continue Sumer?
They adopted all of the Sumerian practices and beliefs
Where did the Sargon dynasty expand to?
They expanded to the persian gulf
What is another name for Babylonians?
Amorites
When do the Babylonians take power?
2000 BCE
Under the Babylonians, what was the capital changed to?
From Ur to Babylon
Who led the Babylonians?
Hammurabi
Why do the Babylonians fall from power?
Hammurabi dies
Who is after the Babylonians?
Hittites
What was technology that the Hittites have?
They had chariots and iron tools and weapons
What were the Hittites the first to do?
Smelt iron - started the iron age
Who were after the Hittites?
The Assyrians
What were the Assyrians built on?
Attacking neighboring groups and being a military empire
Who was the great leader of the Assyrian Empire?
Sennacherib
What was the new capital that the Assyrians instated?
Nineveh
Where did the Assyrians expand to?
Into the fertile crescent and Egypt
What did the Assyrians do to prevent anyone from attacking them from the previous empire?
They killed the remaining people and women were raped, sold int slavery, and murdered
Who ended the Assyrian Empire?
The Persians
Where was Persia?
More of western Asia and parts of Africa
What were the three kingdoms of ancient Egypt?
The old, middle, and new kingdoms
What is another name for the old kingdom?
The pyramid age
What was the pyramids purpose?
to be tombs for pharaoh that should last forever
Where are the most pyramids?
Giza
Who built the pyramids?
slaves
What were hieroglyphics based on?
Cuniform
What two types of elements are in hieroglyphics?
Pictographic and alphabetical elements
Who was set by the Pharoah to run each individual city?
The vizier chief minister
Why did the Old Kingdom die out?
The Pharoah had spent so much money on pyramids that they had none left for the people, so there were famines and the people revolted
What does the middle kingdom take over?
Nubia
What action does the middle kingdom take to better lives of it’s people?
It implements infastructure
What is the cult of Osiris?
Osiris believed that people would enter the afterlife if they were better in the lives
Why did the middle kingdom fall?
It was invaded by Hyksos from western africa
How many years were there no rulers from the middle to new kingdoms?
350 years
Where does the New kingdom expand to?
Mesopotamia to reach the Euphrates
Who was King Tut’s mother?
Nefertiti
What did the people believe about the Pharaohh?
That they came from god
What were the 4 famous Pharoahs?
Hatshepsut, Akhenaton, King Tut, and Ramses the second
What is Akhenaton known for?
Hes Tut’s father and was the first monotheist
What Pharoah defeated the Hittites?
Ramses the second
Why did the New kingdom fall?
After Ramses the second it was invaded by Greeks and persians
