Chapter 9: Hair, Skin, and Nails

Question 1

eccrine sweat glands

Answer 1

regulate body temp by water secretion through the skin

Question 2

apocrine sweat glands

Answer 2

begin secretion at puberty, influenced by hormones, body odor

Question 3

sebaceous glands

Answer 3

secrete sebum which keeps skin and hair lubricated

Question 4

Early signs of melanoma (ABCDE)

Answer 4

A: asymmetry (not round or clear)
B: Border (poorly defined or irregular border)
C: Color (uneven, variegated)
D: Diameter (usually greater than 6 mm)
E: Evolving (a skin lesion that looks different from others or is changing in size, shape, or color)

Question 5

Primary vs. secondary skin lesions

Answer 5

Primary: expected variations of skin (moles, freckles, patches, and acne)
Secondary: some considered expected (scars)

Question 6

Lesion characteristics to be noted

Answer 6

Location, distribution, color, pattern, shape, edge (regular/irregular), depth (flat/raised/sunken), size (cm), characteristics (hard, soft, fluid-filled)

Question 7

Staging of Pressure Ulcers

Answer 7

1: intact skin, nonblanchable redness, usually over bony prominence
2: partial-thickness loss of dermis
3: full-thickness loss involving damage to/necrosis of subcutaneous tissue
4: full-thickness loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle
Unstageable: full-thickness loss where base of ulcer covered by slough (yellow, tan, gray, green, brown); true depth not determined without removal of slough

Question 8

clavus (corn)

Answer 8

a lesion that develops secondary to chronic pressure from a shoe over a bony prominence

Question 9

atopic dermatitis

Answer 9

an unusual inflammation of the skin

Question 10

contact dermatitis

Answer 10

an inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with certain chemicals or substances

Question 11

seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 11

an inflammation that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp; periods of remission

Question 12

stasis dermatitis

Answer 12

occurs in lower leg when varicose veins slow the return of blood and the accumulation of fluid interferes with the nourishment of the skin (seen in older adults)

Question 13

psoriasis

Answer 13

chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales

Question 14

pityriasis rosea

Answer 14

self-limiting inflammation of unknown cause

Question 15

warts (verruca)

Answer 15

small benign lesion caused by HPV and transmitted by contact

Question 16

herpes simplex

Answer 16

“cold sores”; clear vesicles with red base that evolve into pustules, usually on lip

Question 17

herpes varicella (chickenpox)

Answer 17

highly contagious, common childhood disease; extremely itchy, fluid-filled blisters

Question 18

herpes zoster (shingles)

Answer 18

painful blistering rash accompanied by headache, fever, and general feeling of unwellness

Question 19

tinea infections

Answer 19

a fungal infection of the skin or feet

Question 20

candidiasis

Answer 20

infection of skin, mouth, or vagina caused by yeast-type fungus

Question 21

cellulitis

Answer 21

infection of skin cells

Question 22

folliculitis

Answer 22

inflammation of hair follicles

Question 23

furuncle

Answer 23

boil; bacterial infection of hair follicle

Question 24

scabies

Answer 24

contagious skin disease transmitted by itch mite

Question 25

Lyme disease

Answer 25

occurs after bite from a tick (bad rash with flu-like symptoms)

Question 26

spider bites

Answer 26

majority from black widow or brown recluse spiders

Question 27

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 27

most common, least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules

Question 28

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 28

2nd most frequent type of skin cancer, more serious than basal cell carcinoma; scaly red papules or nodules; caused by sun/UV exposure

Question 29

melanoma

Answer 29

most serious skin cancer; malignant proliferation of pigmented cells

Question 30

pediculosis (lice)

Answer 30

invade scalp, body, or pubic hair regions; spread by contact

Question 31

alopecia areata

Answer 31

autoimmune disorder that causes the affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a person’s immune system; usually begins with one or more small, round, smooth bald patches on scalp

Question 32

hirsutism

Answer 32

excessive hair growth over the body

Question 33

onychomycosis

Answer 33

fungal infection of the nail

Question 34

paronychia

Answer 34

acute/chronic infection of the cuticle

Question 35

ingrown toenail

Answer 35

painful condition in which the corner or side of a toenail grows into the soft flesh of that toe