CHAPTER 9: Growth and development framework Flashcards
what are the 3 early developmental patterns?
1) cephalocaudaul: head to toe
2) proximodistal: midline to periphery
3) differentiation: simple to complex
define DENVER II test
tool to measure birth to 6yrs milestone in motor, language, adaptive and personal/social skills. It is best used as an indicator for further assessment needs.
con: limited due to its broad spectrum
define maturation
increase competence because of changes in structural complexity that make higher function possible
when can learning not occur?
learning cannot occur unless an individual is mature enough to understand and control their behaviour
name the 8 periods of development
1) prenatal period: time from conception to birth
2) infancy: 18-24 month old (psychological activities - language, symbolic thought, coordination)
3) childhood: 24month - 11yr (self-care, school readiness skills, social skills, master basic skills like reading and writing also exposed to the world aka outside the family
4) Adolescence: 10/12 - 22yrs old (transition from childhood to early adulthood, puberty, increased risk-taking, pursuit of independence
5) Early adulthood: late teens/early 20s - 30s ( gain personal and economic independence, become proficient in career, mate and start a family)
6) middle adulthood: 40-60yrs (expanding social/personal involvement and responsibility and assisting next generation to become competent and mature individuals)
7) Late adulthood: life review, retirement and adjusting to decreasing strength and health
what are the 3 developmental patterns of aging?
1) normal
2) pathological
3) successful
define nature and nurture
nature: organism’s biological inheritance
nurture: environmental experiences
define stability and change
stability and change - degree to which early traits/characteristics persist or change over time
define continuity and discontinuity
degree to which development involves gradual/cumulative change.
- Qualitative, discontinuous change in development rather than a quantitative, continuous change
describe the 4 steps of the scientific method
1) conceptualize a process or problem to be studied
2) collect research information (data)
3) analyze the data
4) draw conclusions
describe psychosocial theory: Erikson
- humans develop in psychosocial stages
- motivation is social
- change occurs during life span
example: trust vs mistrust - experiences in first year of life set the stage for lifelong experiences
describe cognitive theory: Piaget
stage 1: sensorimotor stage: birth to 2yrs
- infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences
stage 2: pre operational stage: 2yrs - 7yrs
- able to represent the world with word, images and drawings
- cant perform internalized mental actions
stage 3: concrete stage: 7-11yrs
stage 4: formal operational stage: 11-15 yrs
- development of logical reasoning
- able to problem solve, develop hypothesis
define vygotsky’s sociocultural cognitive theory
culture and social interaction cognitive development
- inseparable from social/cultural activities
- cognitive development is learning use inventions of society (language, memory, strategies and mathematical systems
define Kohlberg’s moral developmental theories
1) preconventional
2) conventional
3) post conventional
based on Piagets theory of cognitive
emphasizes an ethic of justice
stages or moral development proceed during school-age, adolescent and young adult years
define Gilligan’s developmental theories
research student with Kohlberg: noted that women scored lower than men using Kohlberg’s tool
women think and act more from a base of caring and relationships than do men who are more inclined to think in terms of justice and rules
