Chapter 9: God is One

Question 1

Macromolecules

Answer 1

Organic molecules many times large than typical molecules found outside organisms

Question 2

Monomer

Answer 2

Molecular building block of biological molecules

Question 3

Carbohydrate

Answer 3

An organic molecule with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1

Question 4

Cellulose

Answer 4

Complex carbohydrate making plant structure (fiber); earth’s most abundant organic molecule.

Question 5

Chitin

Answer 5

A complex carbohydrate making up the cell wall of fungi and the exoskeleton of anthropods

Question 6

Starch

Answer 6

A carbohydrate macromolecule for storing energy in plants

Question 7

Glycogen

Answer 7

A carbohydrate macromolecule for storing energy in animals

Question 8

Monosaccharide

Answer 8

5 or 6 carbon sugar molecules that are the monomers for biological carbohydrates

Question 9

Enzyme

Answer 9

A protein molecule that speeds up (or catalyzes) biological chemical reactions

Question 9

Protein

Answer 9

Biological macromolecule constructed of amino acids

Question 10

Nucleic Acid

Answer 10

Biological macromolecule constructed of nucleotides, designed for carrying information

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

A large nucleic acid that stores genetic information

Question 12

Lipid

Answer 12

Organic molecules that because they are non-polar, do not dissolve in water

Question 13

Hydrophobic

Answer 13

Water-repelling because the molecule is non-polar

Question 14

Fatty Acid

Answer 14

Long carbon chains with hydrogen atoms; monomer for non-steroid biological lipids

Question 15

Hydrophilic

Answer 15

Water-loving because molecules are polar

Question 16

Biological System

Answer 16

Multiple parts that interact in such a way that the whole has emergent properties

Question 17

Systems Biology

Answer 17

A discipline of biology that studies biological system

Question 18

Emergent Properties

Answer 18

Properties of an entity unaccounted for by the entity’s component parts

Question 19

Organ System

Answer 19

Biological system of organs that interact with other systems in a large organism’s body

Question 20

Tissue

Answer 20

Biological system of cells in multi-cellular organisms that make up organs in larger organisms

Question 21

Organelle

Answer 21

Membrane-bound biological system of molecules, found in eukaryotic cells; the substructure of a cell

Question 22

Community

Answer 22

Biological system of plants, animal, and biomatrix species found in a particualr location

Question 23

Irreducible Complexity

Answer 23

Characteristic of a system where it cannot function with 3 component parts and thus cannot function while assembled one component at a time

(e.g. by naturalistic evolution)

Question 24

Exotic Species

Answer 24

An organism introduced into one biological community from another

Question 25

Native Species

Answer 25

An organism that is normally part of a particular biological community

Question 26

Keystone Species

Answer 26

Species that may increase the diversity in a community