Chapter 9: God is One Flashcards
Macromolecules
Organic molecules many times large than typical molecules found outside organisms
Monomer
Molecular building block of biological molecules
Carbohydrate
An organic molecule with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1
Cellulose
Complex carbohydrate making plant structure (fiber); earth’s most abundant organic molecule.
Chitin
A complex carbohydrate making up the cell wall of fungi and the exoskeleton of anthropods
Starch
A carbohydrate macromolecule for storing energy in plants
Glycogen
A carbohydrate macromolecule for storing energy in animals
Monosaccharide
5 or 6 carbon sugar molecules that are the monomers for biological carbohydrates
Enzyme
A protein molecule that speeds up (or catalyzes) biological chemical reactions
Protein
Biological macromolecule constructed of amino acids
Nucleic Acid
Biological macromolecule constructed of nucleotides, designed for carrying information
DNA
A large nucleic acid that stores genetic information
Lipid
Organic molecules that because they are non-polar, do not dissolve in water
Hydrophobic
Water-repelling because the molecule is non-polar
Fatty Acid
Long carbon chains with hydrogen atoms; monomer for non-steroid biological lipids
Hydrophilic
Water-loving because molecules are polar
Biological System
Multiple parts that interact in such a way that the whole has emergent properties
Systems Biology
A discipline of biology that studies biological system
Emergent Properties
Properties of an entity unaccounted for by the entity’s component parts
Organ System
Biological system of organs that interact with other systems in a large organism’s body
Tissue
Biological system of cells in multi-cellular organisms that make up organs in larger organisms
Organelle
Membrane-bound biological system of molecules, found in eukaryotic cells; the substructure of a cell
Community
Biological system of plants, animal, and biomatrix species found in a particualr location
Irreducible Complexity
Characteristic of a system where it cannot function with 3 component parts and thus cannot function while assembled one component at a time
(e.g. by naturalistic evolution)
