Chapter 11: God of Hierarchy Flashcards

1
Q

Unified Hierarchy

A

Simultaneous unity and diversity, equality and distinction of a hierarchy

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2
Q

Hierarchy

A

Distinct levels

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3
Q

Phospholipid

A

Lipid with hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends; make up biological membranes

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4
Q

Bacterium

A

Single-celled organisms small enough not to need organelles

AKA prokaryote

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5
Q

Cell Theory

A

1: every organism is made of one or more cells
2: the cell is the smallest unit of biological life
3: every cell comes from the division of a pre-existing cell
4: all metabolism occurs within cells;
5: heredity information is located in cells
6: every cell has the same basic chemical ingredients

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6
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Water filling a cell, which is thick with a host of dissolved molecules

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7
Q

Eukaryotic

A

type of
cell that contains
organelles

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8
Q

Nucleolus

A

Dense region in the nucleus of a cell
where ribosome components are assembled

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9
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

Double membrane surrounding a cell’s nucleus

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10
Q

Nuclear Pores

A

Holes in the nuclear envelope that allow macromolecules to pass in and out of the nucleus

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11
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein-making machines found in the membrane walls of the endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

Vesicles

A

Endomembrane system spheres that transport macromolecules among a cell’s organelles

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13
Q

Golgi Body or
Golgi Apparatus

A

Reticulated sac of the endomembrane system that labels macromolecules

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14
Q

Biosystematics

A

The science of classifying (grouping) and naming organisms

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15
Q

Taxon

Plural: Taxa

A

Group of organisms united by similarity, distinguished from other taxa by discontinuity

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16
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of naming organisms

17
Q

Phylum

Plural: Phyla

A

Taxonomic level above class and below kingdom

17
Q

Taxonomic Level

A

The hierarchal level of a particular taxon

(e.g. species, genus, family, order…)

18
Q

Genus

Plural: Genera

A

Taxonomic level above species and below
taxonomic family

19
Q

Taxonomic Family

A

Taxonomic level above genus and below order

20
Q

Order

A

Taxonomic level above family and below class

21
Q

Kingdom

A

Taxonomic level above phylum and below domain

21
Q

Class

A

Taxonomic level above order and below phylum

22
Q

Domain

A

Taxonomic level above kingdom

23
Homoplasy
Character trait that does not fit the pattern of classification suggested by other characters
24
Netted Hierarchy
A widespread network of similarity that unites all the organisms
25
Prokaryote
Evolutionary term for a cell lacking organelles | AKA bacterium
26
Macroevolution
The origin of taxa above species or the process that generates new taxa above species
27
Macroevolutionary Theory
Naturalistic evolution theory explaining the origin of taxa above species