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Biology 101 > Chapter 9 Flashcards > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of the cell cycle?

A

Series of events that take place in a call as it grows and divides

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2
Q

Cell division results in two daughter cells that contain what kind of genetic material?

A

identical genetic material

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3
Q

Cell division of prokaryotes?

A

binary fission

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4
Q

What are the various functions of mitotic cell division in animals and in other
organisms?

A

protists, plants, fungi, animals: asexual reproduction
plants, fungi: gamete (reproductive cell)

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5
Q

Genome

A

all a cell’s DNA
- packaged to chromosomes

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6
Q

Chromosomes

A

complex of DNA and protein

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7
Q

Chromatin

A

uncondensed form of chromosome

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8
Q

prokaryotes

A

1 chromosome

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9
Q

How many chromosomes are in body cells? How many sets? Does this include body cells?

A

46 chromosomes, 2 sets of 23

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10
Q

What are gametes? How many chromosomes are in gametes?

A

Gametes are reproductive cells (sperm/eggs)
There are 23 chromosomes

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11
Q

What are sister chromatids?

A

two identical copies of the same chromosome

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12
Q

How does cell division in a chromosome work?

A

1) DNA is replicated and chromosomes condense
2) Chromosomes are duplicated there are 2 sister chromatids - copies of each original chromosome
3) Cell division - chromatids seperate

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13
Q

What is the first part of cell division?

A

Interphase
G1 phase
S phase
G2 Phase

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14
Q

What happens in G1:

A

Normal functional roles, increase protein synthesis, doubling cell size, double number of organelles

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15
Q

What happens in S:

A

DNA synthesis (sister chromatids)
1 chromosome, 1 DNA molecule makes 1 chromosome but 2 identical DNA molecules

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16
Q

What happens in G2:

A

Centriole replication:
1. Chromosomes are duplicated in nucleolus - known as chromatin
2. Two centrosomes form help organize microtubues that help spindle to pull apart

17
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A

prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

18
Q

Goal of mitosis?

A

making two exact daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell

19
Q

1) Prophase

A
  • chromosomes condense
  • sister chromatids linked by centromeres
  • nucleolus disappears
  • miotic spindle forms
20
Q

2) Prometaphase

A
  • nuclear envelope breaks up
  • kinetochore formed at centromere 2 per chromosome
  • miotic spindles bind at kinetochore
21
Q

3) Metaphase

A

“meet in the middle”
- chromosomes at metaphase plate

22
Q

4) Anaphase

A
  • Sister chromatids part
  • Daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles of cell
  • kinetochore shorten
  • nokinetochore lengthen
23
Q

Telophase

A
  • 2 daughter nuclei form in cell
  • spindle microtubules depolymerized
  • mitosis complete (division of one nucleus into two nuclei)

Biology 101 (14 decks)

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