Bio Chapter 4 Review Flashcards
What do all cells have in common?
plasma membrane is selective
contain cytosol
chromosomes
ribosomes that make proteins
What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Location of DNA?
Eukaryotic - membrane enclosed nucleus
Prokaryotic - non-membrane enclosed nucleoid
What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Organelles?
Eukaryotic: membrane-bound organelles
What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Cell size?
Eukaryotic: Big
Prokaryotic: Small
4 types of eukaryotic cells
animal, plant, fungi, protist
Nucleus
- store of genetic information
- nucleolus
- contains chromosomes
Nuclear envelope
double membrane to enclose nucleus
Nuclear lamina:
Protein filaments
maintain shape of nucleus
Nuclear pores
entry and exit of proteins, RNA
Nucleolus
where ribosmal RNA is made
DNA:
basic unit of genetic instructions
Gene
sequence of DNA carries genetic instructions
Chromosome
long DNA molecule of many genes
Chromatin
uncondensed DNA and protein sturcture
How do ribosomes make proteins?
Location:
endoplasmic reticulum
scattered in cytosol
Describe the endomembrane system
synthesize protein
transport proteins in and out of cell
metabolism and movement of lipids
Smooth ER
- synthesizes lipids
- calcium ions
Rough ER
Synthesizes proteins
Golgi Apparatus
receives, processes, labels proteins to part of cell
FEDEX
Lysosomes
digest/hydrolyzed macromolecules
Describe the two ways of lysosomal activity
Autophagy - recycling cell’s own materials
Phagocytosis: intracellular digestion
Peroxisome
detoxification
Vacuoles
storing - water ions, nutrients, waste
Energy in cells
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts for plants
Mitochondria
- all eukaryotic cells
involved in cellular respiration and producing ATP
Chloroplasts
photosynthesis
Structural integrity of plant cells
microfilaments, microtubules, cytoskeleton, ontermedite filaments
Intracellular fluid ICF
Fluid inside cells
2/3 of body fluids
Extracellular Fluid ECF
Interstital fluid
Plasma
1/3 body fluids
Does the plasma membrane seperate intracellular and extracellular fluid?
Yes, it regulates movement in and out of the cell
