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Biology 101 > Bio Chapter 4 Review > Flashcards

Bio Chapter 4 Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What do all cells have in common?

A

plasma membrane is selective
contain cytosol
chromosomes
ribosomes that make proteins

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2
Q

What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Location of DNA?

A

Eukaryotic - membrane enclosed nucleus
Prokaryotic - non-membrane enclosed nucleoid

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3
Q

What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Organelles?

A

Eukaryotic: membrane-bound organelles

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4
Q

What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Cell size?

A

Eukaryotic: Big
Prokaryotic: Small

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5
Q

4 types of eukaryotic cells

A

animal, plant, fungi, protist

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6
Q

Nucleus

A
  • store of genetic information
  • nucleolus
  • contains chromosomes
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7
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

double membrane to enclose nucleus

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8
Q

Nuclear lamina:

A

Protein filaments
maintain shape of nucleus

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9
Q

Nuclear pores

A

entry and exit of proteins, RNA

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10
Q

Nucleolus

A

where ribosmal RNA is made

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11
Q

DNA:

A

basic unit of genetic instructions

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12
Q

Gene

A

sequence of DNA carries genetic instructions

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13
Q

Chromosome

A

long DNA molecule of many genes

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14
Q

Chromatin

A

uncondensed DNA and protein sturcture

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15
Q

How do ribosomes make proteins?

A

Location:
endoplasmic reticulum
scattered in cytosol

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16
Q

Describe the endomembrane system

A

synthesize protein
transport proteins in and out of cell
metabolism and movement of lipids

17
Q

Smooth ER

A
  • synthesizes lipids
  • calcium ions
18
Q

Rough ER

A

Synthesizes proteins

19
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

receives, processes, labels proteins to part of cell
FEDEX

20
Q

Lysosomes

A

digest/hydrolyzed macromolecules

21
Q

Describe the two ways of lysosomal activity

A

Autophagy - recycling cell’s own materials
Phagocytosis: intracellular digestion

22
Q

Peroxisome

A

detoxification

23
Q

Vacuoles

A

storing - water ions, nutrients, waste

24
Q

Energy in cells

A

Mitochondria
Chloroplasts for plants

25
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • all eukaryotic cells
    involved in cellular respiration and producing ATP
26
Q

Chloroplasts

A

photosynthesis

27
Q

Structural integrity of plant cells

A

microfilaments, microtubules, cytoskeleton, ontermedite filaments

28
Q

Intracellular fluid ICF

A

Fluid inside cells
2/3 of body fluids

29
Q

Extracellular Fluid ECF

A

Interstital fluid
Plasma
1/3 body fluids

30
Q

Does the plasma membrane seperate intracellular and extracellular fluid?

A

Yes, it regulates movement in and out of the cell

Biology 101 (14 decks)

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