Chapter 9- DNA Structure and Replication

Question 1

Four Characteristics of Genetic Material

Answer 1

Replication
Storage of Information
Selective expression of information
Variation by Mutation

Question 2

Purines

Answer 2

Adenine and Guanine

Question 3

Pyrimidines

Answer 3

Uracil, Thymine, and Cytosine

Question 4

Histones

Answer 4

Positive proteins that DNA coils around

Question 5

Nucleosome

Answer 5

DNA and histones

Question 6

Chromatin

Answer 6

Coiled and condensed nucleosome
Components:
30% histones
30% scaffold proteins
30% DNA
10% RNA

Question 7

Enzymes of DNA Replication

Answer 7

DNA Polymerase
Helicase
Topoisomerase
Primase
Ligase
SSBs

Question 8

DNA Polymerase

Answer 8

Adds new DNA bases and proofreads for errors

Question 9

Helicase

Answer 9

Unwinds DNA

Question 10

Topoisomerase

Answer 10

Stabilizes unwound DNA

Question 11

Primase

Answer 11

Creates RNA primers

Question 12

Ligase

Answer 12

Connects DNA strands

Question 13

SSBs

Answer 13

Proteins that bind single-stranded DNA to add stability

Question 14

Bloom Syndrome

Answer 14

Defect in helicase on BLM gene
Autosomal recessive
Helicase cannot open DNA
Unable to repair damaged DNA
Genomic instability and cancer predisposition
Sun sensitivity, erythema, short, narrow face, infertile

Question 15

Dyskeratosis Congenita

Answer 15

Mutation in telomerase in TERT gene
Bone marrow failure
Anemia, frequent infections, and leukemia
Skin and nail issues
Shortened life expectancy (60 years)