Chapter 9 Definitions

Question 1

Hans Eysenck’s Theory of Personality

Answer 1

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• Concluded that all traits can be subsumed within three basic personality dimensions

1) Extroversion-introversion
2) Neuroticism
3) Psychoticism

Question 2

Hans Eysenck’s Theory of Personality

1) Extroversion-introversion

Answer 2

-ociable people often tend to be impulsive, active, lively and excitable and these traits combine to form the supertrait extroversion

Question 3

Hans Eysenck’s Theory of Personality

2) neuroticism

Answer 3

-high scores indicate tendency to respond emotionally

highscores may indicate emotional instability or highly emotional

Question 4

Hans Eysenck’s Theory of Personality

3) Psychoticism

Answer 4

-Those high on this supertrait are egocentric, aggressive, impersonal, cold, lacking in empathy or concern for others, impulsive…

Question 5

Eysenck provided 3 arguments that individual differences in personality are based on biology

Answer 5

1) Consistency of extraversion-introversion over time
2) Cross-cultural research has found the same three dimensions of personality (would probably see cultural differences if bio was not a factor)

3) Several studies have found that genetics play an important role in determining a person's placement on each of the three personality dimensions
	• 2/3 of variance in personality development can be traced to bio factors
	• Bio set the limit in how much our personality characteristics can change

Question 6

Eysenck view on extroverts

Answer 6

-have a lower level of cortical arousal (which creates boredom) so they in turn seek out highly arousing social behavior because their cortical arousal is below their desired level

Question 7

Eysenck view on introverts

Answer 7

seek solitude and non-stimulating environments to reduce their already high baseline cortical stimulation

Question 8

Behavioral Approach system (BAS)

Answer 8

Ø Highly active BAS are intensely motivated to seek out and achieve pleasurable goals

	- Experience more anger/frustration when they fall short of reaching anticipated sources of pleasure
	- Connection between BAS and extraversion

Question 9

Behavioral inhibitions system (BIS)

Answer 9

ighly active BIS tend to be more apprehensive, cautious, timid
-Connection between highly active BIS and high scorers of neuroticism

Question 10

Goodness of fit model

Answer 10

How well a child does in school is partly a function of how well the learning environment matches the child’s capabilities, characteristics and style of behaving

Question 11

Cerebral Asymmetry

Answer 11

anterior region of a person’s right cerebral hemisphere often shows a different activity level than the anterior region of that same person’s left hemisphere

Question 12

Higher activation in left hemisphere (cerebral asymmetry)

Answer 12

associated with positive moods

-move toward source of the emotion (typically joy) but can be anger too as you move towards the source

Question 13

Higher activation in right hemisphere (cerebral asymmetry)

Answer 13

associated with negative moods

-related to movement away from source of emotion (associated with depression/anxiety/withdrawl)