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Hazmat > Chapter 9 Decon > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Decon Flashcards

1
Q

Contamination is the transfer of:

A

A hazardous material to persons, equipment, and the environment in greater than acceptable quantities

Pg 434

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2
Q

Decontamination or contamination reduction is:

A

The process of removing hazardous materials to prevent the spread of contaminants beyond a specific area and reduce contamination to levels that are not longer harmful.
Pg 434

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3
Q

Decon operations minimize:

A

Harmful exposures and reduce or eliminate the spread of contaminants.
Pg 434

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4
Q

Decon is performed at hazmat/wmd incidents to remove hazardous materials from:

A

Responders, victims, ppe, tools, equipment, and anything else that has been contaminated.
Pg 434

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5
Q

Anything in the hot zone is subject to contact with hazardous material. Because of this anything and everything that leave the hot zone is subject to:

A

A decon

Pg 434

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6
Q

The type of decon operations conducted at an incident will be determined by:

A

The number of people requiring decon, the type of hazardous materials involved, weather, personnel available, and a variety of other factors.
Pg 435

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7
Q

The 3 basic principles of decon are:

A

Get it off
Keep it off
Contain it
Pg 435

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8
Q

Decon methods can be divided into 4 broad categories:

A

Wet or dry methods
Physical or chemical methods
Pg 435

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9
Q

The most effective means of decon is often as simple as:

A

The removal of the outer clothing or PPE that has been contaminated by the hazardous material
Pg 435

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10
Q

Removal of contaminated clothing/PPE and flushing with water is usually sufficient for:

A

Emergency and mass decon

Pg 435

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11
Q

The decision whether to perform emergency or technical decon is determined based on:

A

The hazardous material involved and the urgency in removing the victim from the contaminated environment
Pg 436

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12
Q

Wet methods of decon usually involve:

A

Washing the contaminated surface with solutions of flushing with a hose stream or safety shower
Pg 436

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13
Q

Dry methods of decon have the advantage of:

A

Not creating large amounts of contaminated liquid runoff.

Pg 436

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14
Q

Dry methods of decon may be accomplished through:

A

Systematic removal of disposable PPE while avoiding contact with any contaminants.
Pg 437

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15
Q

__________ methods of decon may be used in cold weather:

A

Dry

Pg 437

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16
Q

Physical methods of decon remove the contaminants from a contaminated person without:

A

Changing the material chemically

Pg 437

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17
Q

Examples of physical decon are:

A

Absorption, adsorption, brushing and scraping, dilution, evaporation, isolation and disposal, washing and vacuuming
Pg 437

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18
Q

Examples of chemical methods include:

A

Chemical degradation, sanitation, disinfection, sterilization, neutralization, and solidification
Pg 437

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19
Q

General guidelines for decon:

A

Ensure decon is set up prior to personnel entering the hot zone
Begin emergency decon quickly. Speed is determined by the material type
Always wear ppe
Avoid contact with hazmat and contaminated victims
Pg 437/438

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20
Q

Decon operations may be coupled with:

A

An initial seperation of victims into ambulatory/nonambulatory and male/female
Pg 438

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21
Q

Assess all victims believed to have been in the hot zone to determine the need for decon before:

A

Moving them to the cold zone. Decon as necessary

Pg 438

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22
Q

Establish clearly designated decon entry points so that:

A

Victims and responders both know where to go

Pg 438

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23
Q

When conducting decon of victims the more clothing removed:

A

The better. Unless a victim is soaked in something that would have penetrated outer clothing and into their underwear there is no real need to have people disrobe completely
Pg 438

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24
Q

Establish a medical triage and treatment area just outside the decon zone so that persons exiting the decon area:

A

Can be evaluated for injuries and exposure related medical symptoms
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25
Q

Communicate with victims by using :

A

Hand signals, signs with pictures, apparatus public address systems, megaphones, or other methods to direct them to decon gathering areas as well as though the decon process itself
Pg 438

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26
Q

START triage stands for:

A

Simple triage and rapid treatment/transport

Pg 440

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27
Q

Victims who are able to understand directions, talk and walk unassisted are considered to be:

A

Ambulatory

Pg 41

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28
Q

Nonambulatory patients are victims or responders who are:

A

Unconscious, unresponsive, or unable to move unassisted

Pg 442

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29
Q

As a general rule, deceased victims are the scene should:

A

Remain untouched

Pg 443

30
Q

The goal of emergency decon is:

A

To remove the threatning contaminant from the victim as quickly as possible.
Pg 444

31
Q

During emergency decon there is no regard for:

A

The environment of property protection

Pg 444

32
Q

The following situations are examples of instances where emergency decontamination is needed:

A

Failure of protective clothing
Accidental contamination of emergency responders
Heat illness or other injury suffered by emergency workers in the hot zone
Immediate medical attention required
Pg 444

33
Q

Technical decon uses:

A

Chemicals or physical methods to thoroughly remove or neutralize contaminants from responders PPE and equipmemnt
Pg 445

34
Q

Operations level responders involved in technical decon operations must do so under the guidance of a:

A

Hazmat technician, SOPs, or an allied professional

Pg 445

35
Q

Resources for determining the correct technical decon procedure include the following:

A 
Niosh pocket book
Safety data sheet
Emergency response centers
Pre incident plans
Technical experts
ERG
Poison control center
Pg 446
36
Q

Absorptions:

A

Process of picking up liquid contaiminants with absobents. Expensive to dispose of. Works extremely well on flat surfaces
Pg 446

37
Q

Adsorption:

A

Process in which a hazardous liquid interacts with he surface of a sorbent material
Pg 447

38
Q

Brushing/scraping:

A

Brushing and scraping alone is not sufficient decon. It is used before other types of decon
Pg 447

39
Q

Chemical degradation:

A

Process of using another material to change the chemical structure of a haz mat
Pg 447

40
Q

Dilution:

A

Process off using water to flush contaminants from contaminated victims or objects and diluting water soluble hazardous materials
Pg 447

41
Q

Dilutions is advantageous because:

A

Of the accessibility speed and economy of using water

Pg 447

42
Q

Neutralization:

A

Process of changing the ph of a corrosive raising or lowering it toward 7 on ph scale
It should not be performed on living tissue
Pg 447

43
Q

Sanitation:

A

Reduces the number of microorganisms to a safe level

Pg 448

44
Q

Disinfection:

A

Kills most of the microorganisms present

Pg 448

45
Q

Sterilization:

A

Kills all microorganisms present

Pg 448

46
Q

As with mass decon monitoring should be conducted to:

A

Determine if decon operations are effective

Pg 451

47
Q

Mass decon:

A

The physical process of rapidly reducing or removing contaminants from multiple persons in potentially life threatening situations.
Pg 451

48
Q

Mass decon is initiated when:

A

The number of vicitims and time constraints do not allow the establishment of an in depth decontamination process

Pg 451

49
Q

Mass decon methods include:

A

Dilution, isolation, and washing

Pg 453

50
Q

Mass decon can be most readily and effectively accomplished with a simple:

A

Water shower system that merely dilutes the hazardous product and physically washes it away
Pg 453

51
Q

The actual showering time is an incident specific decision but may be as long:

A

2-3 minutes per individual under ideal situations

Pg 453

52
Q

Existing facilities for rapid decon methods include:

A

Overhead fire sprinklers, public fountains, swimming pools or swimming areas
Pg 453

53
Q

It is recommended that all victims undergoing mass decon remove clothing at least down to:

A

Their undergarments before showering

Pg 453

54
Q

Victims should be encouraged to remove as much clothing as possible proceeding from:

A

Head to toe

Pg 453

55
Q

To determine victim priority divide into two groups:

A

Ambulatory
Nonambulatory
Pg 453

56
Q

Advantages of mass decon:

A

Accommodates large numbers of people
Can be implemented quickly using limited amounts of personnel and equipment
Reduces contamination quickly
Pg 457

57
Q

Limitations of mass decon:

A

Does not always totally decontaminate the victim
Relies on cooperations of the victim
Can create contaminated runoff that can be harmful to the environment and other exposures
Pg 457

58
Q

If large number of individuals are being deconed briefly check each. If smaller. Numbers check each:

A

More carefully

Pg 457

59
Q

If contaminated individuals are detected after decon they should be:

A

Redirected through the decon process again

Pg 457

60
Q

Victims still complaining of symptoms or effects should be:

A

Checked for contaminants.

Pg 458

61
Q

If the effectiveness of decon is called into question victims should:

A

Go through decon again prior to transport

Pg 458

62
Q

The following factors are considered when choosing a decon site:

A 
Wind direction
Weather
Accessibility
Terrain an surface material
Lighting and electrical supply
Drains and waterways
Water supply
Pg 459
63
Q

All bags that contain contaminated clothing should:

A

Remain in the warm zone on the dirty side of the decon line

Pg 460

64
Q

If the temp is ______ degrees or lower consideration should be given to protecting victims from the cold:

A

64

Pg 463

65
Q

Evidence collection on the scene by law enforcement personnel must be:

A

Appropriately packaged. Only the exterior o the packaging will be deconed
Pg 464

66
Q

After concluding decon activities a debriefing needs to be held:

A

As soon as practical

Pg 464

67
Q

Provide exposed persons with as much info as possible about :

A

The delayed health effects of the hazardouls materials involved in the incident
Pg 464

68
Q

Emergency decon is conducted:

A

In life threatening situations

Pg 465

69
Q

Mass decon is conducted when:

A

Large number of victims are involved

Pg 465

70
Q

Technical decon is typically conducted on:

A

Emergency responders and at incidents when very few victims are involved
Pg 465

Hazmat (7 decks)

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