Chapter 9 Decon

Question 1

Contamination is the transfer of:

Answer 1

A hazardous material to persons, equipment, and the environment in greater than acceptable quantities

Pg 434

Question 2

Decontamination or contamination reduction is:

Answer 2

The process of removing hazardous materials to prevent the spread of contaminants beyond a specific area and reduce contamination to levels that are not longer harmful.
Pg 434

Question 3

Decon operations minimize:

Answer 3

Harmful exposures and reduce or eliminate the spread of contaminants.
Pg 434

Question 4

Decon is performed at hazmat/wmd incidents to remove hazardous materials from:

Answer 4

Responders, victims, ppe, tools, equipment, and anything else that has been contaminated.
Pg 434

Question 5

Anything in the hot zone is subject to contact with hazardous material. Because of this anything and everything that leave the hot zone is subject to:

Answer 5

A decon

Pg 434

Question 6

The type of decon operations conducted at an incident will be determined by:

Answer 6

The number of people requiring decon, the type of hazardous materials involved, weather, personnel available, and a variety of other factors.
Pg 435

Question 7

The 3 basic principles of decon are:

Answer 7

Get it off
Keep it off
Contain it
Pg 435

Question 8

Decon methods can be divided into 4 broad categories:

Answer 8

Wet or dry methods
Physical or chemical methods
Pg 435

Question 9

The most effective means of decon is often as simple as:

Answer 9

The removal of the outer clothing or PPE that has been contaminated by the hazardous material
Pg 435

Question 10

Removal of contaminated clothing/PPE and flushing with water is usually sufficient for:

Answer 10

Emergency and mass decon

Pg 435

Question 11

The decision whether to perform emergency or technical decon is determined based on:

Answer 11

The hazardous material involved and the urgency in removing the victim from the contaminated environment
Pg 436

Question 12

Wet methods of decon usually involve:

Answer 12

Washing the contaminated surface with solutions of flushing with a hose stream or safety shower
Pg 436

Question 13

Dry methods of decon have the advantage of:

Answer 13

Not creating large amounts of contaminated liquid runoff.

Pg 436

Question 14

Dry methods of decon may be accomplished through:

Answer 14

Systematic removal of disposable PPE while avoiding contact with any contaminants.
Pg 437

Question 15

__________ methods of decon may be used in cold weather:

Answer 15

Dry

Pg 437

Question 16

Physical methods of decon remove the contaminants from a contaminated person without:

Answer 16

Changing the material chemically

Pg 437

Question 17

Examples of physical decon are:

Answer 17

Absorption, adsorption, brushing and scraping, dilution, evaporation, isolation and disposal, washing and vacuuming
Pg 437

Question 18

Examples of chemical methods include:

Answer 18

Chemical degradation, sanitation, disinfection, sterilization, neutralization, and solidification
Pg 437

Question 19

General guidelines for decon:

Answer 19

Ensure decon is set up prior to personnel entering the hot zone
Begin emergency decon quickly. Speed is determined by the material type
Always wear ppe
Avoid contact with hazmat and contaminated victims
Pg 437/438

Question 20

Decon operations may be coupled with:

Answer 20

An initial seperation of victims into ambulatory/nonambulatory and male/female
Pg 438

Question 21

Assess all victims believed to have been in the hot zone to determine the need for decon before:

Answer 21

Moving them to the cold zone. Decon as necessary

Pg 438

Question 22

Establish clearly designated decon entry points so that:

Answer 22

Victims and responders both know where to go

Pg 438

Question 23

When conducting decon of victims the more clothing removed:

Answer 23

The better. Unless a victim is soaked in something that would have penetrated outer clothing and into their underwear there is no real need to have people disrobe completely
Pg 438

Question 24

Establish a medical triage and treatment area just outside the decon zone so that persons exiting the decon area:

Answer 24

Can be evaluated for injuries and exposure related medical symptoms
Pg 438

Question 25

Communicate with victims by using :

Answer 25

Hand signals, signs with pictures, apparatus public address systems, megaphones, or other methods to direct them to decon gathering areas as well as though the decon process itself Pg 438

Question 26

START triage stands for:

Answer 26

Simple triage and rapid treatment/transport | Pg 440

Question 27

Victims who are able to understand directions, talk and walk unassisted are considered to be:

Answer 27

Ambulatory | Pg 41

Question 28

Nonambulatory patients are victims or responders who are:

Answer 28

Unconscious, unresponsive, or unable to move unassisted | Pg 442

Question 29

As a general rule, deceased victims are the scene should:

Answer 29

Remain untouched | Pg 443

Question 30

The goal of emergency decon is:

Answer 30

To remove the threatning contaminant from the victim as quickly as possible. Pg 444

Question 31

During emergency decon there is no regard for:

Answer 31

The environment of property protection | Pg 444

Question 32

The following situations are examples of instances where emergency decontamination is needed:

Answer 32

Failure of protective clothing Accidental contamination of emergency responders Heat illness or other injury suffered by emergency workers in the hot zone Immediate medical attention required Pg 444

Question 33

Technical decon uses:

Answer 33

Chemicals or physical methods to thoroughly remove or neutralize contaminants from responders PPE and equipmemnt Pg 445

Question 34

Operations level responders involved in technical decon operations must do so under the guidance of a:

Answer 34

Hazmat technician, SOPs, or an allied professional | Pg 445

Question 35

Resources for determining the correct technical decon procedure include the following:

Answer 35

``` Niosh pocket book Safety data sheet Emergency response centers Pre incident plans Technical experts ERG Poison control center Pg 446 ```

Question 36

Absorptions:

Answer 36

Process of picking up liquid contaiminants with absobents. Expensive to dispose of. Works extremely well on flat surfaces Pg 446

Question 37

Adsorption:

Answer 37

Process in which a hazardous liquid interacts with he surface of a sorbent material Pg 447

Question 38

Brushing/scraping:

Answer 38

Brushing and scraping alone is not sufficient decon. It is used before other types of decon Pg 447

Question 39

Chemical degradation:

Answer 39

Process of using another material to change the chemical structure of a haz mat Pg 447

Question 40

Dilution:

Answer 40

Process off using water to flush contaminants from contaminated victims or objects and diluting water soluble hazardous materials Pg 447

Question 41

Dilutions is advantageous because:

Answer 41

Of the accessibility speed and economy of using water | Pg 447

Question 42

Neutralization:

Answer 42

Process of changing the ph of a corrosive raising or lowering it toward 7 on ph scale It should not be performed on living tissue Pg 447

Question 43

Sanitation:

Answer 43

Reduces the number of microorganisms to a safe level | Pg 448

Question 44

Disinfection:

Answer 44

Kills most of the microorganisms present | Pg 448

Question 45

Sterilization:

Answer 45

Kills all microorganisms present | Pg 448

Question 46

As with mass decon monitoring should be conducted to:

Answer 46

Determine if decon operations are effective | Pg 451

Question 47

Mass decon:

Answer 47

The physical process of rapidly reducing or removing contaminants from multiple persons in potentially life threatening situations. Pg 451

Question 48

Mass decon is initiated when:

Answer 48

The number of vicitims and time constraints do not allow the establishment of an in depth decontamination process Pg 451

Question 49

Mass decon methods include:

Answer 49

Dilution, isolation, and washing | Pg 453

Question 50

Mass decon can be most readily and effectively accomplished with a simple:

Answer 50

Water shower system that merely dilutes the hazardous product and physically washes it away Pg 453

Question 51

The actual showering time is an incident specific decision but may be as long:

Answer 51

2-3 minutes per individual under ideal situations | Pg 453

Question 52

Existing facilities for rapid decon methods include:

Answer 52

Overhead fire sprinklers, public fountains, swimming pools or swimming areas Pg 453

Question 53

It is recommended that all victims undergoing mass decon remove clothing at least down to:

Answer 53

Their undergarments before showering | Pg 453

Question 54

Victims should be encouraged to remove as much clothing as possible proceeding from:

Answer 54

Head to toe | Pg 453

Question 55

To determine victim priority divide into two groups:

Answer 55

Ambulatory Nonambulatory Pg 453

Question 56

Advantages of mass decon:

Answer 56

Accommodates large numbers of people Can be implemented quickly using limited amounts of personnel and equipment Reduces contamination quickly Pg 457

Question 57

Limitations of mass decon:

Answer 57

Does not always totally decontaminate the victim Relies on cooperations of the victim Can create contaminated runoff that can be harmful to the environment and other exposures Pg 457

Question 58

If large number of individuals are being deconed briefly check each. If smaller. Numbers check each:

Answer 58

More carefully | Pg 457

Question 59

If contaminated individuals are detected after decon they should be:

Answer 59

Redirected through the decon process again | Pg 457

Question 60

Victims still complaining of symptoms or effects should be:

Answer 60

Checked for contaminants. | Pg 458

Question 61

If the effectiveness of decon is called into question victims should:

Answer 61

Go through decon again prior to transport | Pg 458

Question 62

The following factors are considered when choosing a decon site:

Answer 62

``` Wind direction Weather Accessibility Terrain an surface material Lighting and electrical supply Drains and waterways Water supply Pg 459 ```

Question 63

All bags that contain contaminated clothing should:

Answer 63

Remain in the warm zone on the dirty side of the decon line | Pg 460

Question 64

If the temp is ______ degrees or lower consideration should be given to protecting victims from the cold:

Answer 64

64 | Pg 463

Question 65

Evidence collection on the scene by law enforcement personnel must be:

Answer 65

Appropriately packaged. Only the exterior o the packaging will be deconed Pg 464

Question 66

After concluding decon activities a debriefing needs to be held:

Answer 66

As soon as practical | Pg 464

Question 67

Provide exposed persons with as much info as possible about :

Answer 67

The delayed health effects of the hazardouls materials involved in the incident Pg 464

Question 68

Emergency decon is conducted:

Answer 68

In life threatening situations | Pg 465

Question 69

Mass decon is conducted when:

Answer 69

Large number of victims are involved | Pg 465

Question 70

Technical decon is typically conducted on:

Answer 70

Emergency responders and at incidents when very few victims are involved Pg 465