Chapter 4 Flashcards
Operations level responders need to know how hazardous materials:
Behave in addition to the symptoms and effects of an exposure.
Pg 192
Matter is found in three states:
Gas,liquid, solid
P 193
Gases are difficult to contain for mitigation purposes and will move according to:
Prevailing wind and air movement
Pg 193
Liquids will flow or pool according to:
Surface contours and topography permitting opportunities for containment of confinement
Pg 193
Solids may be moved by exterior forces but will typically remain in place unless:
Acted upon
The majority of haz mat incidents involve materials that are:
Flammable
Pg 194
Flash point:
The minimum temperature at which a liquid or volatile solid gives of sufficient vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air near its surface. At this temp the vapors will flash but will not continue to burn
Pg 194
Fire point:
The temperature at which enough vapor are given off to support continuous burning
Pg 196
Autoignition temperature:
The minimum temp to which the fuel in air must be heated to initiate self sustained combustion without initiation from an independent ignition source. This temperature is the point at which a fuel spontaneously ignites
Pg 197
Vapor pressure:
Pressure exerted by a saturated vapor above its own liquid in a closed container or more simply it is the pressure produced or exerted by the vapors released by a liquid
The higher the temp the higher the vapor pressure
Pg 200
The lower the boiling point of a substance,
The higher its vapor pressure will be
Pg 200
Boiling point:
The temp at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to or greater than atmospheric pressure
Pg 202
Melting point:
Temp at which a solid substance changes to a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure
Pg 202
Freezing point:
The temp at which a liquid becomes a solid at normal atmospheric pressure
Pg 203
Vapor density:
The weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
Pg 204
Solubility in water:
Percentage of a material that will dissolve in water at ambient temperature. A substances solubility affects whether it mixes in water
Pg 205
Irritant agents that are water soluble usually cause:
Early upper respiratory tract irritation resulting in coughing and throat irritation
Pg 205
Partially water soluble chemicals penetrates into the:
Lower respiratory system causing delayed symptoms that include breathing difficulties pulmonary edema and coughing up blood
Pg 205
Miscible:
Two liquids that dissolve into each other.
Pg 205
Specific gravity:
The ratio of the density (heaviness) of a material to the density of some standard material at standard conditions of pressure and temperature
Pg 205
The persistence of a chemical is its ability to:
Remain in the environment
Pg 207