Chapter 9:: Cutaneous Vasculature

Question 1

What causes tethering and rolling of leukocytes?

Answer 1

Selectins

Question 2

In, ___________, numbers of MECA-79-positive vessels were found to correlate with survival.

Answer 2

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Question 3

Which skin vascular has a composition of paired arterioles and venues that form an interconnected network of vessels coursing on a plane parallel to and just beneath the epidermal surface?

Answer 3

Super Vascular Plexus (SVP)

Question 4

What cell primarily exits the blood stream through post capillary venules?

Answer 4

Leukocytes

Question 5

What is a one-cell-thick layer of epithelium-like mesenchymal cells?

Answer 5

Endothelium

Question 6

What chronic skin disease has an enlarged blood microcirculatory bed within the papillary dermis?

Answer 6

Lichen Rubber Planus

Question 7

Which skin vascular is parallel to the SVP?

Answer 7

Deep Vascular Plexus

Question 8

What contains proteins of the coagulation system that produces fibrin gels as well as platelet that can form a primary hemostatic plug?

Answer 8

Blood Plasma

Question 9

What is a source of thermal information and the executive organ for thermal homeostasis?

Answer 9

The Skin

Question 10

What part of the skin senses temperature?

Answer 10

Primary Somatosensory Afferent Nerves

Question 11

How does the skin conserve heat?

Answer 11

Constriction of Cutaneous Vessels

Question 12

What is the skin’s normal blood flow?

Answer 12

250 to 300 mL/min.

Question 13

What contribute to thermoregulation through shunts from the arterial directly into the venous beds, thereby bypassing capillary loops, the thermosensitivity of the hand being significantly greater than that of soles?

Answer 13

Glabrous Skin

Question 14

What is induced during rapid tutor growth without adequate blood supply?

Answer 14

Hypoxia

Question 15

What is being secreted when hypoxia stimulates tumor cells and macrophages?

Answer 15

TGF-β, PDGF, and CXCL2

Question 16

What are the proteins that induce proinflammatory changes in Ecstatics that typically do not distinguish among different leukocyte types?

Answer 16

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin 1

Question 17

Stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells have been identified in vessel walls as __________.

Answer 17

Resident Cells

Question 18

What do call the embryotic tissue from which blood vessels arise?

Answer 18

Angioblasts

Question 19

What do you call the process where Mesenchymal cells are recruited into the vessel wall, where they subsequently differentiate into SMCs and PCs?

Answer 19

Vascular Remodeling

Question 20

What do you call this disease that is caused by mutations affecting the encoding SCN9A gene that leads to channelopathies?

Answer 20

Erythromelalgia

Question 21

The blood also contains a population of circulating ________, characterised as _____________ that function to seek out the presence of microbial antigens to which a prior immune response has been made.

Answer 21

Effector memory T cells

Question 22

These are also known as intracellular storage granules.

Answer 22

Weibel- Palade bodies

Question 23

What do you call a skin condition where Ecstatics express high levels of E- and P- selection and moderate amounts of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1?

Answer 23

Acute dermatitis

Question 24

These family of cells are prominently stored in cytoplasms of a variety of cells and are released when cells are injured, acting as ‘wound hormones’ to stimulate local angiogenesis and connective tissue growth of adults.

Answer 24

Fibroblast growth factor 1 and 2

Question 25

Enumerate the three kinds of anastomosing connections formed by veins of the dermis.

Answer 25

large anastomoses, small anastomoses, very small anastomoses