Chapter 9; Conceptual Knowledge Flashcards
Definition-based categories
a set of characteristics that all members have in common. If an object has those characteristics, it falls in that category
Definition-based Problem?
difficult to come up with definitions for many categories.
Wittgenstein’s Family Resemblance
some features are a characteristic of a category even though not all members have them, they can resemble each other in different ways
Prototype-based category
members in a category is determined by comparing to ‘typical’ member. Prototype is a hypothetical ‘average’ of members we created in our minds
Typicality
In Prototypes, how closely they resemble the prototype. More “bird-like”
Prototype Effects
High typical members are responded to and primed faster and more effectively than low typical words
Focal Colours
Human perceptual system being more sensitive to a prototypical “red”
Exemplar-based category
Category is defined by previously encountered members
Exemplar-based category Problem?
it’s implausible to say we store every single member of a category we see
Exemplar-based category Pro
Can more easily accommodate “weird” category members. Also easier to accommodate variable categories
Basic Level
strikes balance between many categories
Semantic Networks
models how concepts can be organized and accessed in the mind
Evidence for Hierarchical Semantic Networks?
it has a spreading activation, activating one node activates others. Faster responses when less distances must be travelled
Lexical Decision Task
Pairs of words, are at least one pair a non-word?
Semantic Network (Relatedness)
-revision of hierarchical network
-concepts connected to others thats share properties -shorter lines represent greater relatedness
