Chapter 10; Visual Imagery

Question 1

Visual Imagery

Answer 1

Seeing a “mental picture” in the absence of a visual stimulus in the real world

Question 2

Are Imagery and Perception the same?

Answer 2

Kosslyn says its pictorial in nature

Question 3

Do our visual images share spatial features?

Answer 3

participants respond faster to questions about animal that was larger in their visual field

Question 4

What did Pylyshyn Argue?

Answer 4

• the fundamental format of imagery
  was abstract and propositional
  -The imagery that we subjectively experience is an
  epiphenomenon; a side effect of some process. it is not the primary process and does not cause the primary process.

Question 5

Imagery Debate

Answer 5

-people with high imagery believe that imagery is spatial
-people with low imagery did not believe its spatial

Question 6

Perky Effect

Answer 6

when ppl are asked to visualize an image, the outline of the image is outlined secretly and that helps them identify it faster even tho they don’t see the outline
-If they are not asked to visualize the image, then they do see the outline of an image
-Visual imagery interferes with conscious perception

Question 7

Priming Binocular Rivalry

Answer 7

-If you visualize one of the two, before
seeing the display, the one you are
visualizing is more likely to become
dominant.
-Important take home is that imagery and perception
affect each other in a way that suggests they are of a
similar nature

Question 8

Primary Visual Cortex

Answer 8

where the information from the retina arrive first

Question 9

Imagery Neurons

Answer 9

-neurons in the temporal lobe responded to the sight of specific objects
-They were also selectively activated by visualizing those objects

Question 10

rTMS

Answer 10

-Magnetic field applied to specific part of the brain to
create a temporary “virtual lesion”
-it doesn’t turn it off, just slows down performance

Question 11

General Overlap

Answer 11

-compared activity while viewing a drawing
of an object vs. visualizing a drawing of an object.
-Great deal of overlap in the front of the brain, less overlap in the back of the brain (i.e., in the
visual cortex).

Question 12

Multivoxel Pattern Analysis

Answer 12

-presented with different stimuli while recording activation across different voxels
-The classifier learns to associate patterns of
activity across voxels with certain stimuli
-then they try and see if the classifier can figure what an object is from the voxels

Question 12

Among visualizers

Answer 12

Those who score high on spatial
imagery tend to score below average on object imagery, and vice versa

Question 12

Aphantasia

Answer 12

Individuals with visual imagery that is either entirely
-No pupil changes in response to bright imagery

Question 13

Hyperphantasia