Chapter 9 - CNS

Question 1

Define grey matter, white matter, tracts, and nuclei in the CNS.

Answer 1

grey matter :
white matter :
tracts :
nuclei :

Question 2

Starting at the skull and moving inward, name the membranes and other structures that enclose the brain.

Question 3

Explain the formation, distribution, and functions of cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 3

formation : produced by the choroid plexus in the ventricles
- Materials selectively moved from plasma to ventricles
- Water follows due to osmotic gradient

distribution : surrounds entire brain and spinal fluid
- Contained within subarachnoid space (between arachnoid membrane and pia mater)
- Flows from ventricles to subarachnoid space to return to plasma by villi

functions :
- buoyancy /cushion for brain + spinal cord (brain floats in CSF)
- in physical and chemical protection

Question 4

Describe the structure and functions of the blood-brain barrier.

Question 5

Explain how the following structures are organized in the spinal cord: ascending and descending tracts, columns, dorsal root ganglia, dorsal and ventral horns, dorsal and ventral roots, propriospinal tracts, spinal nerves.

Question 6

Name the major subdivisions of the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brain stem. Give their major functions.

Question 7

Name the four lobes of the cerebral cortex and explain which sensory, motor, or association areas are associated with each lobe.

Question 8

Explain the behavioral state system and how it is related to the diffuse modulatory systems and the reticular activating system.

Question 9

Describe the stages of sleep.

Question 10

Describe motivation and emotion and how they are related to brain function.

Question 11

Explain the role of the following in learning and memory: short-term memory, memory traces, working memory, associative and nonassociative learning, and habituation and sensitization.