Chapter 9 C & T Spine Flashcards
What is C1
Atlas
What is C2
Axis - odontoid
What is a foramen
A circular empty hole
How can you tell the transverse process vs the spinous process
The transverse process Comes out horizontally. The Spanish process comes out posteriorly.
What is the lamina
It connects the transverse and articulate processes to the Spinous process.
What is a pedicle
It connects the body of the vertebra to the articular processes.
Where did the spinal nerves and blood vessels exit the spinal column
The intervertebral foramen
When do you take a swimmers view
When you can’t see the cervicothoracic region
When do you take a fuchs method
When you can’t see the Odontoid bone using the open mouth method
What is a lateral C-spine also called
The Grandy method
What views are taken at 72 inches
A lateral C-spine, Oblique C-spine, In flexion and extension.
What is the breathing technique on the lateral C-spine
Expiration and hold
What is the central ray of a lateral C-spine
C-4, thyroid cartilage.
What are you looking for on the lateral C-spine
The Zygapophyseal joints
What is the tube angle on an AP axial oblique C-spine
15 to 20° cephalic
What do you want to see on an oblique C-spine
The intervertebral foramen
What will AP obliques c-spine demonstrate the best
The foramen furthest from the IR
What will the PA oblique C-spine show the best
The foramen closest to the IR
How can you tell if an x-ray was taken PA versus AP
The marker will be visualized correctly on an AP image. The marker will be backwards on a PA.
AP axial C-spine projection
Taken at 40 inches SID. With the cephalic angle of 15 to 20°. The CR will be centered at C4, thyroid cartilage.
Which vertebra can you usually see on an AP axial C-spine
C3 through T1.
What are the teardrop shapes on an AP axial c-spine
spinous processes
The open mouth method projection
Recommended 30 inch SID but is common at 40 inch. Mastoid tip in the bottom of the teeth should be in line.
What are you looking for on the open mouth method
Atlas and axis. The dens.
How can you tell if it’s the Fuchs method versus the open mouth method
Open mouth you can see the jaw/teeth
Swimmers lateral projection
Taken at 40 inches SID. The central ray is directed at the vertebra prominens. you want to see C7/T1. Can have a 3 to 5° angle Caudal
What is flexion and extension of the C-spine
Both taken at 72 inches SID. Flexion is with the chin downward. Extension is with the chin lift in. Can be called hyperflexion in hyperextension.
If the patient has had trauma to the C-spine what do you take for projection instead of a lateral
Cross table lateral.
What is curvature in the spine laterally
Scoliosis
What is curvature in the spine anteriorly/posteriorly
Kyphosis
At what degree of an angle do the intervertebral or foramen of the T-spine form with the mid sagittal plane
A 90° angle
Lateral T-spine projection
40 inch SID. Ribs need to be super imposed open disk spaces and show 12 vertebrae. The central ray needs to be centered at the level of T7, and inferior angle of the scapula.
AP T-spine projection
40 inch SID. With the central ray halfway between the jugular notch and the xiphoid process
