Chapter 9 C & T Spine

Question 1

What is C1

Answer 1

Atlas

Question 2

What is C2

Answer 2

Axis - odontoid

Question 3

What is a foramen

Answer 3

A circular empty hole

Question 4

How can you tell the transverse process vs the spinous process

Answer 4

The transverse process Comes out horizontally. The Spanish process comes out posteriorly.

Question 5

What is the lamina

Answer 5

It connects the transverse and articulate processes to the Spinous process.

Question 6

What is a pedicle

Answer 6

It connects the body of the vertebra to the articular processes.

Question 7

Where did the spinal nerves and blood vessels exit the spinal column

Answer 7

The intervertebral foramen

Question 8

When do you take a swimmers view

Answer 8

When you can’t see the cervicothoracic region

Question 9

When do you take a fuchs method

Answer 9

When you can’t see the Odontoid bone using the open mouth method

Question 10

What is a lateral C-spine also called

Answer 10

The Grandy method

Question 11

What views are taken at 72 inches

Answer 11

A lateral C-spine, Oblique C-spine, In flexion and extension.

Question 12

What is the breathing technique on the lateral C-spine

Answer 12

Expiration and hold

Question 13

What is the central ray of a lateral C-spine

Answer 13

C-4, thyroid cartilage.

Question 14

What are you looking for on the lateral C-spine

Answer 14

The Zygapophyseal joints

Question 15

What is the tube angle on an AP axial oblique C-spine

Answer 15

15 to 20° cephalic

Question 16

What do you want to see on an oblique C-spine

Answer 16

The intervertebral foramen

Question 17

What will AP obliques c-spine demonstrate the best

Answer 17

The foramen furthest from the IR

Question 18

What will the PA oblique C-spine show the best

Answer 18

The foramen closest to the IR

Question 19

How can you tell if an x-ray was taken PA versus AP

Answer 19

The marker will be visualized correctly on an AP image. The marker will be backwards on a PA.

Question 20

AP axial C-spine projection

Answer 20

Taken at 40 inches SID. With the cephalic angle of 15 to 20°. The CR will be centered at C4, thyroid cartilage.

Question 21

Which vertebra can you usually see on an AP axial C-spine

Answer 21

C3 through T1.

Question 22

What are the teardrop shapes on an AP axial c-spine

Answer 22

spinous processes

Question 23

The open mouth method projection

Answer 23

Recommended 30 inch SID but is common at 40 inch. Mastoid tip in the bottom of the teeth should be in line.

Question 24

What are you looking for on the open mouth method

Answer 24

Atlas and axis. The dens.

Question 25

How can you tell if it’s the Fuchs method versus the open mouth method

Answer 25

Open mouth you can see the jaw/teeth

Question 26

Swimmers lateral projection

Answer 26

Taken at 40 inches SID. The central ray is directed at the vertebra prominens. you want to see C7/T1. Can have a 3 to 5° angle Caudal

Question 27

What is flexion and extension of the C-spine

Answer 27

Both taken at 72 inches SID. Flexion is with the chin downward. Extension is with the chin lift in. Can be called hyperflexion in hyperextension.

Question 28

If the patient has had trauma to the C-spine what do you take for projection instead of a lateral

Answer 28

Cross table lateral.

Question 29

What is curvature in the spine laterally

Answer 29

Scoliosis

Question 30

What is curvature in the spine anteriorly/posteriorly

Answer 30

Kyphosis

Question 31

At what degree of an angle do the intervertebral or foramen of the T-spine form with the mid sagittal plane

Answer 31

A 90° angle

Question 32

Lateral T-spine projection

Answer 32

40 inch SID. Ribs need to be super imposed open disk spaces and show 12 vertebrae. The central ray needs to be centered at the level of T7, and inferior angle of the scapula.

Question 33

AP T-spine projection

Answer 33

40 inch SID. With the central ray halfway between the jugular notch and the xiphoid process