Ch 9 L Spine, Sacrum & Coccyx Flashcards
Primary curve of the vertebral column
Kyphotic curve
Secondary/Compensatory Curve
Lordotic curve
Which parts of the vertebral column is kyphotic curve
Thoracic
Pelvic - sacrum/coccyx
Which parts of the vertebral column is lordotic curve
Cervical spine
Lumbar spine
What is the sacrum/coccyx area also called
Sacrococcygeal
What views are a part of the typical lumbar order
Oblique
AP
Lateral
Spot (Lumbosacral junction)
Congenital deformity where the lamina fails to unite posteriorly
Spina bifida
What do you want to see for an AP L spine
Intervertebral disk spaces.
Where do you see Scotty dogs
Oblique L spine
What are you looking for in oblique L Spine
Scotty dogs
Zygapophyseal joints
What part of the Scotty dog is the superior articular surface
Ear
What part of the Scotty dog is the transverse process
Nose
What part of the Scotty dog is the pedicle
Eye
What part of the Scotty dog is the pars interarticularis
Neck
What part of the Scotty dog is the inferior articular process
Foot
When the Scotty dog has a collar on an X-ray what does that mean
The pars interarticularis is broken - spondylolysis
When taking an AP oblique of L spine, which zygapophyseal joint can you see
The side closest to the IR
When taking a PA of the L spine, which side of the zygapophyseal joint can you see
Side furthest away from the IR
How much of an angle will a man need for a Spot of L Spine
5° caudal
How much of an angle will a woman need for a Spot of L Spine
8° caudal
Which views are used for a routine scoliosis
AP T & L Spine
What angle does a man need for AP axial SI joints
30° cephalic
What angle does a woman need for AP axial SI joints
35° cephalic
Which SI joint can you view on the X-rays
The joint that is furthest away from the IR
Slipped disk - what is it
Herniated nucleus pulposis - the disc slips and protrudes into the column
Where do the spinal nerves and blood vessels exit
Intervertebral foramen
Which position is more in line with the divergence for a view of the lumbar
Prone - PA but AP used usually
Where do you see the zygapophyseal joint on L Spine Obliques
Right behind the Scotty dogs ear
How many vertebra are in the sacrum
5
Articulations between articular processes of the vertebral arches
Zygapophyseal
What can be used to reduce patient dose
Collimation
Breast shields
Doing PA projections
AP L Spine
- 48” SID
- Bend at knees to place feet flat on table
- CR 3 fingers (1.5”) above iliac crest
- expiration & hold
Lateral L Spine
- 48” SID
- lay on side with arms at 90° angle with body
- CR 3 fingers (1.5”) above iliac crest
- expiration & hold
Oblique L Spine
- 40” SID
- 45° body rotation
- CR 2” medial to elevated ASIS & 2” above iliac crest (3 fingers)
- expiration & hold
Spot L5/S1
- 40” SID
- arms 90° from body on side
- CR 2” behind ASIS & 1.5” below iliac crest (can have 5-8° caudal angle)
- suspend breathe
Lateral L Spine vs Cross table lateral L Spine is different how
Cross table lateral the cassette is held to the side of the patient as they lay on their back. The tube is decubitus
AP Axial SI Joints
- 40” SID
- patient supine
- CR 30-35° cephalic angle 1.5” above pubic symphysis
- suspend breathing
Oblique SI Joints
- 40” SID
- elevate the side of interest 25-30°
- CR 1” medial to elevated ASIS
- suspend breathing
AP axial Sacrum
- 40” SID
- patient supine
- CR 15° cephalic angle & 2” above pubic symphysis
- suspend breathing
AP axial coccyx
- 40” SID
- patient supine
- CR 10° caused & 2” above pubic symphysis
- suspend breathing
Lateral Sacrum
- 40” SID
- patient on side
- CR 3.5” behind ASIS
- suspend breathing
Lateral Coccyx
- 40” SID
- patient on side
- CR 3.5” behind ASIS & 2” down.
- suspend breathing
