Chapter 9: Articulations Flashcards
synarthroses
immovable
amphiarthroses
slightly movable
***diarthroses
freely movable
joined by dense, regular connective tissue fibers
no joint cavity
immovable
fibrous joint
connected by cartilage
immovable, slightly movable
cartilaginous joints
bone ends separated by joint cavity containing synovial fluid
freely movable
synovial joints
peg-in-socket
teeth roots
gomphoses
lines-skull bones
sutures
bones connected by long fibers
interosseus membrane
syndesmoses
epiphyseal plate
immovable
found in rib 1 to sternum
a piece of immovable cartilage
synchondroses
fibrocartilage pad
intervertebral discs
pubic symphyses
symphyses
For synovial joints- articular cartilage (hyaline)
covering articulating surface cushion, absorb shock and reduces friction
For synovial joints- joint cavity
filled with synovial fluid
For synovial joints- articular capsule (fibrous capsule, synovial membrane)
(syn. mem.) produces fluid
(fib. cap.) dense irregular intertwine with periosteum
For synovial joints- synovial fluid (lubricant, nourishes, absorbs shock)
3ml
glycoproteins-fibroblast produced
“raw egg whites” slippery-low friction
For synovial joints- reinforcing ligaments
extra (outside) or intracapsular (inside)
For synovial joints- nerve and blood vessels
high amount
monitor joint position (damage-pain-fix)
capillary beds-fluid and ingred.
Bursa sack wrapped around tendons
lined with synovial membrane-absorbs shock and decreases friction
bursae-tendon sheaths
(adipose tissue)
filler cushion
fat pads
ties muscles to bones
dense regular fibrous connective tissue
tendons
ties bones to bones
dense regular fibrous connective tissue
ligaments
wrist bone (referring to synovial joints)
planar (gliding) joint
elbow cylindrical end of one bone fits into a trough of another bone
hinge joint
atlas/axis radioulna-allows head to shake
pivot joint
knuckles
egg shaped into oval cavity
condyloid joint
convex fits into concave
saddle joint
most movable
spherical head into rounded socket
first carpometacarpal joints
ball-and-socket joint
What are the movements allowed by synovial joints?
gliding angular -abduction -adduction -flexion -extension -hyperextension -lateral flexion **-circumduction rotation special movements -depression/elevation -dorsiflexion/plantar flexion -eversion/inversion -supination/pronation -protraction/ retraction -opposition
1 flat surface moving over another
bone over another bone
ex: tarsals and carpals
gliding
move away from midline
abduction
move toward midline
adduction
decrease the ange of the joint
flexion
incerease the angle of the joint
extension
beyond anatomical position
hyper extension
side
lateral flexion
rotation-take a limb move so the distal ends makes a circular movement
***circumduction
movement of a bone around its own long axis (atlas/axis)
rotation
move inferiorly
ex:chewing
depression
move a body part superiorly
ex:chewing
elevation
pull foot upwards
dorsiflexion
points toes outward
plantar flexion
pull anteriorly
ex:jaw
protraction
pull posteriorly
ex: jaw
retraction
turn the sole laterally
eversion
turn the sole medially
inversion
palm forward/upward
supination
palm posterior/downward
pronation
move the thumb to touch other finger tips
opposition
what does collateral mean?
on the sides
femur and tibia are included
hinge joint with some rotation
no single unified capsule or synovial cavity
medial meniscus and lateral meniscus (fibrocartilage pads)
fat pads
seven major ligaments
12 bursae
knee joint
Name the 7 major ligaments of the knee.
patellar ligament tibial collateral ligament **fibular collateral ligament 2 popliteal ligaments anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (2)
support anterior surface of the knee
patellar ligament
supports medial surface of the knee
tibial collateral ligament
supports lateral surface of the knee
fibular collateral ligament
oblique and articulate (on knee)
2 popliteal ligaments
intracapsular
flexion
no hyper extenson
on knee
anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
ligaments are stretched or torn (knee/ankle)
poorly vasculated: heals slowly
sprain
bones of joint are forced out of alignment
dislocation (luxation)
torn menisci
torn cartilage
inflamation of a bursa
bursitis
inflamation of tendon sheath
tendonitis
inflamation or degeneration of a joint over 100 different types
joint damage
arthritis
half of cases
artheritis on bone
osteoarthritis
chronic inflammatory response
synovial membrane
1% of population
autoimmune disease
rheumatoid arthritis
uric acid
(waste from nucleic acid matabolism)
precipitates as solid crystals
gouty arthritis
bacteria
spirochetes-ticks which lived: on a deer bite
lyme disease
