Chapter 8: Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
What parts are included in the pectoral girdle?
Clavicle
Scapula
What are the features on the clavicle? (Hint:2)
Sternal end
Acromial end
medial, cone-shaped end
inferior surface-rough
attached to the manubrium
on clavicle
Sternal end
lateral flat end
attached to acromial process and scapula
on clavicle
Acromial end
What are the four features on the scapula?
Spine
Acromion process
Coracoid process
Glenoid cavity
Posterior on the scapula
spine
process that is continuous with the spine
large process
anterior with clavicle
on scapula
acromion process
process anterior to the acromion
site to attach muscles
on scapula
coracoid process
on the lateral side of the humerus head
the humerus bone connects to
on scapula
glenoid cavity
What parts are considered the upper limb? (Hint:6)
humerus ulna radius carpals metacarpals phalanges
This part articulates with scapula, radius, and ulna
humerus
Name the features of the humerus bone. (Hint:10)
head anatomical neck greater tubercle lesser tubercle intertubercular groove surgical neck deltoid tuberosity medial/lateral epicondyles olecranon fossa condyle (trochlea and capitulum)
medial side proximal epiphysis hemi-spherical into glenoid cavity on humerus
head
next to head
on humerus
type of neck
anatomical neck
lateral side
muscle attachment
on humerus
greater tubercle
medial side
muscle attachment
on humerus
lesser tubercle
below general proximal epiphysis
break when people fall
on humerus
surgical neck
posterior pit on the distal epiphysis of humerus
olecranon fossa
deltoid muscle attaches to this
on humerus
deltoid tuberosity
medial condyle-ulna
“T” for time- looks like an hour glass
on humerus
trochlea
“C” shaped
radial head articulates with
lateral condyle
on humerus
capitulum
articulates with humerus and radius
forms elbow joint and radioulnar joints
interosseous membrane
medial in anatomical position
ulna
smaller pits on anterior side of humerus
radial fossa
coronoid fossa
fossa above the capitulum on humerus
radial fossa
fossa above the trochlea on humerus
coronoid fossa
top most part
trochlear notch- “bottom of u”
on ulna
olecranon
for radial head
coronoid process
on ulna
radial notch
distal knob-like end
on ulna
head
of the ulna
“wrist bone”
styloid process of the ulna
Lateral in the anatomical position
forms wrist joint and radioulnar joints
some participation in elbow joint
Radius
What are the four features of the radius?
head
radial tuberosity
ulnar notch
styloid process
proximal end
round drum
on radius
head
biceps attachment
on radius
radial tuberosity
distal end
on radius
ulnar notch
“wrist bone”
round lateral to medial pinky
on radius
styloid process of the the radius
wrist and hand includes:
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
The two rows of 4 bones each are? What are the eight bones?
carpals
- scaphoid
- lunate
- triquetrum
- pisiform
- trapezium
- trapezoid
- capitate
- hamate
palm of hand
numbered I, II, III, IV, V (lateral to medial)
metacarpals
fingers
pollex (thumb)
numbered I, II, III, IV, V (lateral to medial)
proximal, middle, and distal (except thumb)
phalanges (phalanx)
2 coxal bones (os coxae)
forms the bony pelvis with the sacrum and coccyx
3 bones fused together
pelvic girdle
The parts of the pelvic girdle are tied together by?
sacroiliac joint
What makes up the os coxae?
ilium ischium pubis obturator foramen acetabulum
iliac crest greater sciatic notch anterior superior iliac spine posterior inferior iliac spine (located on the?)
ilium
ischial spine
lesser sciatic notch
ischial tuberosity
(located on the?)
ischium
The pubic symphysis is located on the?
pubis
superior
thickened outside margin
on the ilium
iliac crest
on posterior side
sciatic nerve
on ilium
greater sciatic notch
top most anterior point
on ilium
anterior superior iliac spine
inferior most posterior
border for great sciatic notch
on ilium
posterior inferior iliac spine
aligned with the pelvic inlet
spine opposite of the greater sciatic notch
on ischium
ischial spine
blood vessels and nerves
on ischium
lesser sciatic notch
butt bone
sitting on
rough- site to tie many muscles
on ischium
ischial tuberosity
piece that attaches the bottom of the os coxae together
pubic symphysis
the biggest hole on the os coxae
obturator foramen
three bones fused together
depression
on os coxae
(ilium, ischium, pubis)
acetabulum
The lower limb includes:
femur patella tibia (leg) fibula (leg) tarsals metatarsals phalanges
longest, thickest bone
thigh
femur
What are the features on the femur bone?
head fovea capitis neck greater trochanter gluteal tuberosity linea aspera lateral/medial condyles
will be on the medial side
attached to the acetabulum
on femur
head
ligaments connect to acetabulum to femur
fovea capitis
narrow
“weakest part of the bone”
on femur
neck
on lateral side of the femur bone
greater trochanter
smaller
on the medial side of the femur bone
lesser trochanter
butt muscles will tie upon
on femur
gluteal tuberosity
long vertical ridge
posterior
on femur
linea aspera
patellar surface
on anterior distal epiphysis surface
on femur
adjacent ligaments and tendons are tied to
lateral/medial epicondyles
triangular
sesamoid bone
knee
patella
leg
carries the body weight
articulates with femur, fibula, and ankle bones
forms knee, ankle, and tibiofibular joints
medial to fibula
tibia
leg smaller, thinner lateral to tibia doesn't participate in knee joint-below articulation site stabilizes ankle joint-surrounds talus
fibula
What features are on the tibia?
medial/lateral condyles
tibial tuberosity
anteror crest
medial malleolus
What features are on the fibula?
head
lateral malleolus
proximal end articulates with femur
on tibia
medial/lateral condyles
on tibia
anterior-big attachment for the quadriceps and other muscles
tibial tuberosity
“shin bone”
on tibia
anterior crest
ankle joint
by proximal epiphysis
on tibia
medial malleolus
proximal part of the fibula
head
by distal epiphysis on fibula
lateral malleolus
The bones included in the ankle and foot are:
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges
tarsal bones include:
talus calcaneus cuboid navicular medical cuneiform intermediate cuneiform lateral cuneiform
What is the part of the heel called, that we stand on?
tuber calcanei
make up a large part of ‘arch’
I, II, III, IV, V (medial to lateral)
metatarsals
proximal, middle, distal (except great toe)
hallux (great toe)
phalanges of lower limb
