Chapter 9: Articulations Flashcards
A functional categorization of Articulations that is described as having no movement is called what?
synarthrosis
What are the functional categorizations of the articulation types?
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
A functional categorization of Articulations that is described as having LITTLE movement is called what?
Amphiarthrosis
A functional categorization of Articulations that is described as having FREE movement is called what?
Diarthrosis
Describe the structural category of synarthrosis
Fibrous suture gomphosis cartilaginous synchondrosis
where are suture structures in the body?
in the sutural lines of the skull
where are gomphosis structures found in the body?
between the tooth and jaw
Describe the structural category of Amphiarthrosis
Fibrous
Syndesmosis
Cartilaginous
symphysis
where are syndesmosis structures in the body?
between the tibia and fibula, between the radius and ulna
Describe the structural category of Diarthrosis
synovial
monaxial
biaxial
triaxial
almost immovable joint between bones bound by a layer or cartilage is called what?
Synchondrosis
Where can synchrondrosis structures be found?
in costal cartilages connecting the ribs to the sternum
A place where two bones are closely joined by a united plate of cartilage is called what?
symphysis
where can a symphysis structure be found in the body?
in between vertebrae and the os coxae bones
articulating cartilages that go from the bone of one bone to the bone of another and it has a membrane that secretes a fluid between a joint is called what?
synovial
What are the 6 configurations of the synovial joints
plane joint hinge joint pivot joint condylar joint saddle joint ball-and-socket joint
what synovial joints have a uniaxial movements?
plane joint
hinge joint
pivot joint
what synovial joints have a biaxial movement?
condylar joint
saddle joint
What synovial joints have multi-axial movements?
ball-and-socket joints
What are the three motions that can occur at an articulation?
Linear motion
Angular motion
Rotation
What kind of motion is a sliding or gliding motion in a horizontal plane?
Linear motion
What motion changes with angle of bones with respect to each other?
Angular motion
What kind of motion occurs when one bone can rotate against or within another
Rotation
What kind of movements are associated with angular motions?
Flexion Extension (hyperextension) Abduction Adduction Circumduction
What movements are associated with rotational motions?
Left Right Medial (internal) Lateral (external) Supination Pronation
Two opposing articular surfaces slide past each other in almost any direction; the amount of movement is slight
gliding motion
the angle between articulating bones increases or decreases
angular motion
the angle between articulating bones decreases; usually occurs in a sagittal plane
flexion
the angle between articulating bones increases; usually occurs in the sagittal plane
extension
extension movement continues past the anatomic position
hyperextension
the vertebral column moves in either lateral direction along a coronal plane
lateral flexion
movement of a bone away from the midline; usually in the coronal plane
abduction
movement of a bone toward the midline; usually in the coronal plane
adduction
a continuous movement that combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in succession; the distal end of the limb or digit moves in a circle
circumduction
a bone pivots around its own longitudinal axis
rotational motion
rotation of the forearm whereby the palm is turned posteriorly
pronation
rotation of the forearm whereby the palm is turned anteriorly
supination
movement of a body part inferiorly
depression
movement of a body part superiorly
elevation
ankle joint movement whereby the dorsum of the foot is brought closer to the anterior surface of the leg
dorsiflexion
ankle joint movement whereby the sole of the foot is brought closer to the posterior surface of the leg
Plantar flexion
twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole medially or inward
inversion
twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole laterally or outward
eversion
anterior movement of a body part from anatomical position
protraction
posterior movement of a body part from anatomic position
retraction
special movement of the thumb across the palm toward the fingers to permit grasping and holding of an object
opposition
What is between bodies of vertebra?
cartilaginous joint (symphysis)
what is between the articulating processes in the vertebrae?
gliding (synovial)
pulposus extended from inside cartilage pad is called what?
Herniated disc
what are the muscles of the rotator cuff?
SITS muscles supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis
what are the types of shoulder disloctaions?
acromioclavicular
glenohumeral
which ways can the glenohumeral dislocations occur
anterior dislocation
posterior dislocation
inferior dislocation
superior dislocations
what joint disorder is described as; overstretching or tearing of ligament(s) around a joint?
sprain
what is inflammation of a joint called?
arthritis
inflammation of a joint resulting from breakdown of articular cartilage (wear and tear arthritis) is known as what?
Osteoarthritis
inflammation of joint due to attack on synovial components by immune system is known as what?
Rheumatoid arthritis
