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BIOL 131 Final Exam > Chapter 9 Articulations > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

How many joints

A

230

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2
Q

Hypermobility

A

Double Jointed

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3
Q

Factors that increase ROM

A

1) Abnormal shaped ends of one of more bones in joint
2) Weak ligaments
3) Stretched ligaments
4) Muscle tone

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4
Q

Articulations definition

A

Where 2 bones interconnect

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5
Q

Articulations Function

A

1) Hold bones together

2) Allow movement

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6
Q

2 ways to classify joints

A

Structural and Functional

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7
Q

4 Structural Classification of Joints

A

Fibrous, cartilage, bony, synovial

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8
Q

3 Functional classification of joints

A

Based on ROM

1) Synarthroses-immovable (cartilaginous or fibrous)
2) Amphiarthroses-little movement (cartilaginous or fibrous)
3) Diatheoses-freely moveable

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9
Q

Synarthroses Types

A

Sutures, gomphoses, synotosis, synchondroses

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10
Q

Amphiarthroses Tyoes

A

Syndesmoses, symphysis, interosseous membrane

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11
Q

Diarthroses

A

Synovial

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12
Q

Sutures

A

Dense FIBROUS collagen CT between skull bones

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13
Q

Gomphoses (plural)

A

FIBROUS CT periodontal ligament binds teeth to jaw

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14
Q

Synchondroses

A

Epiphyseal CARTILAGE between bones and in long bones

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15
Q

Synotoses

A

Fusing of 2 bones (Ephiphyseal lines)

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16
Q

Syndesmoses

A

FIBROUS ligament between fibula and tibia (collagen)

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17
Q

Symphysis

A

FIBROUS cartilage pad that separates bones

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18
Q

Interosseous membrane

A

Fibrous between tibia and fibula

19
Q

Diarthroses Features

A

Articulations cartilage
Joint cavity
Joint cavity lining
Synovial fluid

20
Q

Articular cartilage structure and 1 Function

A

No perichondrium
Synovial fluid produced by synovial membrane
Function: prevents bone to bone contact and reduces friction

21
Q

Joint cavity

A

Synovial cavity

22
Q

Articular capsule

Synovial membrane

A

Fibrous layer

Outer layer of loose are okay connective tissue that are continuous with periostea of articulating bones
Inner layer of synoviocytes and macrophages that don’t extend

23
Q

Synovial fluid texture and 3 functions

A 
Clear viscous solution
Functions:
Shock absorption 
Nutrient distribution 
Lubrication
24
Q

Accessory Structures of Synovial Joints

A

Articular discs or menisci
Fatty pads
Ligaments
Additional lubricating structures (bursae and tendon sheath)

25
Q

Articular discs (menisci) and function

A

Fibrocartilage separating articular surfaces

Function:channel flow of synovial fluid

26
Q

Fatty pads structure and function

A

Covered with synovial membrane
Functions:
Protect articulating surfaces
Packing material to fill in space

27
Q

Ligaments 2 function

A

Functions:
Strengthened and supports joints
Reinforcement

28
Q

Bursae

A

Small fluid filled pockets

29
Q

Tendon sheath

A

Wraps around joint to limit and support joints ROM

30
Q

Factors that stabilize synovial joints

A

Articular surface shapes
Collagens fibres
Presence of bones, skeletal muscle, fat pads or cartilage
Tension in tendons and muscle contraction

31
Q

Luxation

A

Dislocation

Bone out of alignment

32
Q

Dynamic motions

A 
Initial 
Circumduction 
Rotation 
Angular 
Gliding
33
Q

Ball and socket

A

Motion allowed:TRIAXIAL
Angular and rotational movement
Ex. Shoulder and hip

34
Q

Ellipsoidal/Condyloid

A

Motion allowed:Biaxial

Ex.Metacarpals (2-5) to phalanges, radiocarpal joints

35
Q

Saddle Joint

A

Motion allowed:Biaxial

Ex. Thumb

36
Q

Hinge Joint

A

Motion allowed:Monoxial

Ex.Elbow, knee, between phalanges

37
Q

Pivot Joint

A

Rounded end on bone fits through ligament attached to other
Motion allowed: Monoaxial (rotation)
Ex.joint between first 2 vertebrae, proximal Radioulna joint

38
Q

Gliding Joint

A

Planar joint
Motion allowed:Monoaxial/multia
Ex.Between clavicle and sternum
Intercarpal and intertarsal

39
Q

Flexion

A

Reduce angle between bones

40
Q

Extension

A

Return to anatomical position

41
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extension beyond anatomical position

42
Q

Abduction

A

Away from body

43
Q

Addiction

A

Towards body

44
Q

Supination

Pronation

A

Palms forward

Palms backwards

BIOL 131 Final Exam (7 decks)

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