Chapter 9 Articulations

Question 1

How many joints

Answer 1

230

Question 2

Hypermobility

Answer 2

Double Jointed

Question 3

Factors that increase ROM

Answer 3

1) Abnormal shaped ends of one of more bones in joint
2) Weak ligaments
3) Stretched ligaments
4) Muscle tone

Question 4

Articulations definition

Answer 4

Where 2 bones interconnect

Question 5

Articulations Function

Answer 5

1) Hold bones together

2) Allow movement

Question 6

2 ways to classify joints

Answer 6

Structural and Functional

Question 7

4 Structural Classification of Joints

Answer 7

Fibrous, cartilage, bony, synovial

Question 8

3 Functional classification of joints

Answer 8

Based on ROM

1) Synarthroses-immovable (cartilaginous or fibrous)
2) Amphiarthroses-little movement (cartilaginous or fibrous)
3) Diatheoses-freely moveable

Question 9

Synarthroses Types

Answer 9

Sutures, gomphoses, synotosis, synchondroses

Question 10

Amphiarthroses Tyoes

Answer 10

Syndesmoses, symphysis, interosseous membrane

Question 11

Diarthroses

Answer 11

Synovial

Question 12

Sutures

Answer 12

Dense FIBROUS collagen CT between skull bones

Question 13

Gomphoses (plural)

Answer 13

FIBROUS CT periodontal ligament binds teeth to jaw

Question 14

Synchondroses

Answer 14

Epiphyseal CARTILAGE between bones and in long bones

Question 15

Synotoses

Answer 15

Fusing of 2 bones (Ephiphyseal lines)

Question 16

Syndesmoses

Answer 16

FIBROUS ligament between fibula and tibia (collagen)

Question 17

Symphysis

Answer 17

FIBROUS cartilage pad that separates bones

Question 18

Interosseous membrane

Answer 18

Fibrous between tibia and fibula

Question 19

Diarthroses Features

Answer 19

Articulations cartilage
Joint cavity
Joint cavity lining
Synovial fluid

Question 20

Articular cartilage structure and 1 Function

Answer 20

No perichondrium
Synovial fluid produced by synovial membrane
Function: prevents bone to bone contact and reduces friction

Question 21

Joint cavity

Answer 21

Synovial cavity

Question 22

Articular capsule

Synovial membrane

Answer 22

Fibrous layer

Outer layer of loose are okay connective tissue that are continuous with periostea of articulating bones
Inner layer of synoviocytes and macrophages that don’t extend

Question 23

Synovial fluid texture and 3 functions

Answer 23

Clear viscous solution
Functions:
Shock absorption 
Nutrient distribution 
Lubrication

Question 24

Accessory Structures of Synovial Joints

Answer 24

Articular discs or menisci
Fatty pads
Ligaments
Additional lubricating structures (bursae and tendon sheath)

Question 25

Articular discs (menisci) and function

Answer 25

Fibrocartilage separating articular surfaces | Function:channel flow of synovial fluid

Question 26

Fatty pads structure and function

Answer 26

Covered with synovial membrane Functions: Protect articulating surfaces Packing material to fill in space

Question 27

Ligaments 2 function

Answer 27

Functions: Strengthened and supports joints Reinforcement

Question 28

Bursae

Answer 28

Small fluid filled pockets

Question 29

Tendon sheath

Answer 29

Wraps around joint to limit and support joints ROM

Question 30

Factors that stabilize synovial joints

Answer 30

Articular surface shapes Collagens fibres Presence of bones, skeletal muscle, fat pads or cartilage Tension in tendons and muscle contraction

Question 31

Luxation

Answer 31

Dislocation | Bone out of alignment

Question 32

Dynamic motions

Answer 32

``` Initial Circumduction Rotation Angular Gliding ```

Question 33

Ball and socket

Answer 33

Motion allowed:TRIAXIAL Angular and rotational movement Ex. Shoulder and hip

Question 34

Ellipsoidal/Condyloid

Answer 34

Motion allowed:Biaxial | Ex.Metacarpals (2-5) to phalanges, radiocarpal joints

Question 35

Saddle Joint

Answer 35

Motion allowed:Biaxial | Ex. Thumb

Question 36

Hinge Joint

Answer 36

Motion allowed:Monoxial | Ex.Elbow, knee, between phalanges

Question 37

Pivot Joint

Answer 37

Rounded end on bone fits through ligament attached to other Motion allowed: Monoaxial (rotation) Ex.joint between first 2 vertebrae, proximal Radioulna joint

Question 38

Gliding Joint

Answer 38

Planar joint Motion allowed:Monoaxial/multia Ex.Between clavicle and sternum Intercarpal and intertarsal

Question 39

Flexion

Answer 39

Reduce angle between bones

Question 40

Extension

Answer 40

Return to anatomical position

Question 41

Hyperextension

Answer 41

Extension beyond anatomical position

Question 42

Abduction

Answer 42

Away from body

Question 43

Addiction

Answer 43

Towards body

Question 44

Supination | Pronation

Answer 44

Palms forward | Palms backwards