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BIOL 131 Final Exam > Chapter 10 Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of muscles

A

Skeletal-movement
Smooth-digestive tract
Cardiac-circulatory system

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2
Q

Myo meaning

A

Muscle

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3
Q

Sacro meaning

A

Flesh

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4
Q

Tendon parts

A

Muscle fibres in endomysium, fibres wrapped in perimysium, fascicles wrapped in epinhsium

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5
Q

Myofibrils are made of

A

Myofilaments

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6
Q

Sacromere is made of

A

Myofibrils

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7
Q

What gives muscle striated appearance and makes it contractile

A

Myofibrils

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8
Q

What attaches muscle to bone

A

Aponeurons and tendons

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9
Q

Tendons are —-shaped

Aponeuroses are ——shaped

A

Bundles, sheets

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10
Q

Each cell is

A

Adjacent to capillaries

Innervated by nerve fibre axons

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11
Q

Skeletal cell characteristic

A

Long, striated, multinuclated, thin

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12
Q

T tubule role

A

Conduct waves of electrical activity

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13
Q

A band

A

dArk area of thick filaments

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14
Q

Subdivisions of A band

A

M line, H zone, Zone of overlap

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15
Q

M line

A

Proteins that attach thick filaments

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16
Q

H zone

A

Area of NO overlap

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17
Q

Zone of overlap

A

Thin filaments protrude between thick filaments

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18
Q

I bands are —- colour

A

Lighter

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19
Q

A bands are —-colour

A

dARK colour

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20
Q

I band ranges from

A

A band to A band

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21
Q

What is in I band

A

Z lines

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22
Q

Sacromere ranges form —-to —-

A

Z line, Z line

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23
Q

What anchors thick filaments to Z lines

A

Titin protein

24
Q

What activates muscle cell contraction

A

Neuron

25
Q

What are thick filaments made of

A

Myosin

26
Q

Myosin molecule structure

A

2 tails wrapped into one and 2 heads that swivel

27
Q

2 things that burn to myosin head

A

Actin and ATP

28
Q

4 proteins in thin filaments

A

Tropomyosin
Actin
Nebulin
Troponin

29
Q

What binds to Actin binding site

A

Myosin

30
Q

What binds to Troponin binding site

A

Calcium

31
Q

What is cross bridge cycle

A

Myosin head binding to actin

32
Q

What begins cross bridge cycle

A

When myosin is attached to actin and head is energized by ATP

33
Q

4 steps of cross bridge cycle

A

Djejjejr

34
Q

Excitation contraction coupling

A

Process where electrical stimulus causes sacroplasmic reticulum to release Ca and initiate muscle contraction by sacromere shortening

35
Q

Muscle twitch

A

Single stimulus contraction and relaxation

36
Q

Treppe

A

Muscle cell stimulated immediately AFTER relaxation

37
Q

Treppe causes

A

Gradual increase in Ca ions

38
Q

Treppe Result

A

Subsequent twitched have increased tension

39
Q

Wave Summation

A

Muscle cell stimulated BEFORE relation phase completely

40
Q

Wave summation result

A

Muscle can’t relax completely

41
Q

Incomplete/Unfused tetanus

A

Cell stimulated frequency with NO relation until sub max tension

42
Q

Complete Fused tetanus

A

Cell stimulated at high frequency (NO RELAXATION) between stimuli reaches max tension

43
Q

Tension produced by muscle depends on 3 factor

A

Tension generated by individual muscle cell
Number of cells in muscle that haven been stimulated
Number of contraction proteins

44
Q

Motor unit

A

All muscle fibers controlled by 1 motor neuron

45
Q

Isotonic muscle contraction

A

Muscle length CHANGES

46
Q

Isometric contraction

A

NO change in muscle length

47
Q

2 types of isotonic contraction

A

Concentric-shortening of muscle (peak muscle tension>resistance)
Eccentric-elongation of muscle (peak muscle tension < load)

48
Q

What kind of relationship between muscle contraction speed and load on muscle?

A

Inverse

49
Q

3 ways muscle returns to normal resting length

A

Elastic force
Opposing muscle contraction
Gravity

50
Q

Net gain of ATO for Glycolysis

A

2 ATP

51
Q

Electric transport chain and Citric acid cycle

A

30-32 ATP

52
Q

Where does ECE and citric acid cycle take place

A

Mitochondria

53
Q

Where does glycolysis occur

A

Cytosol

54
Q

Where does most ATP come from

A

Oxidative phosphorylation (e- chain)

55
Q

2 Aerobic respiration advantages

A

32 ATP produced

No lactic acid

BIOL 131 Final Exam (7 decks)

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