Chapter 9: Acids and Bases Flashcards
What is acids?
A substance that produces hydrogen ions, H+, when dissolved in water
What are the 3 important acids?
- Hydrochloric acid, HCl
- Sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄
- Nitric acid, HNO₃
Physical Properties of Acids
- A sour taste
- Turns blue litmus paper red
- Can conduct electricity
Acid + metal –> ?
Acid + metal –> salt + hydrogen gas
Acid + carbonate –> ?
Acid + carbonate –> salt + carbon dioxide + water
Acid + base –> ?
Acid + base –> salt + water
Test for hydrogen
Lighted splint extinguishes with a ‘pop’ sound
Test for carbon dioxide
Limewater turns cloudy
What is a base?
A metal oxide or a metal hydroxide that reacts with an acid to produce a salt and water only
What is an alkali?
A soluble base which produces hydroxide ions, OH-, when dissolved in water
What are the 3 important alkalis?
- Sodium hydroxide, NaOH
- Potassium hydroxide, KOH
- Calcium hydroxide (limewater), Ca(OH)₂
Physical properties of Alkalis
- Feels soapy
- A bitter taste
- Turns red litmus paper blue
Alkali + acid –> ?
Alkali + acid –> salt + water
What reaction does Alkali + acid give?
Neutralization
Alkali + ammonium salt –> ?
Alkali + ammonium salt –> salt + water + ammonia gas
Test for ammonia gas
Turns red litmus paper blue
Bases which are used to reduce acidity of soils
- Calcium hydroxide
- Calcium oxide
The Universal Indicator solution: original color
Green
Range for acidic and alkaline
(Strong acid) 0-6 (Weak acid)
(Weak alkali) 8-14 (Strong alkali)
What is an oxide?
A compound that oxygen and another element only
Metallic oxides: Basic
Reacts with acids only:
Metal oxides except ZAL
Metallic oxides: Amphoteric
Reacts with acids and bases:
Only Zinc oxide, Lead(II) oxide, Aluminum oxide
(ZAL)
Metallic oxides: Acidic
Reacts with bases only:
dioxide and trioxides
Metallic oxides: Neutral
Do not react with acids and bases: Monoxides
