Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding

Question 1

Between which types of atoms?

Answer 1

Ionic bonding: Metal and non-metal (Lithium oxide, Li₂O)
Covalent bonding: Metal and non-metal (Ammonia, NH3)

Question 2

Dot-and-cross diagram

Answer 2

Ionic bonding: losing and gaining electrons
Covalent bonding: sharing electrons

Question 3

Electrical conductivity:
Ionic bonding

Answer 3

Can only conduct in liquid (molten) or aqueous state
- In liquid and aqueous state, the ions can move and conduct electricity
- In solid state, the ions cannot move as the ions are help in place in the lattice structure

Question 4

Electrical conductivity:
Covalent bonding

Answer 4

Covalent molecules cannot conduct electricity in all states because the electrons cannot move

Question 5

Melting and boiling point: Ionic bonding

Answer 5

• They are iconic
• There are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the negative and positive ions
• It would take a lot of energy to overcome them

Question 6

Melting and boiling point: Covalent bonding

Answer 6

• They are covalent
• There are weak intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules
• Very little energy is needed to overcome them

Question 7

Solubility: Ionic bonding

Answer 7

Usually soluble water but not in organic solvents