Chapter 14: An intro to organic Chemistry

Question 1

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon (only look at the atoms not the lines)

Question 2

What is a homologous series?

Answer 2

A family of organic compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties

Question 3

What is a functional group?

Answer 3

An atom or a group of atoms that gives a molecule its characteristic properties

Question 4

General characteristics of a homologous series:

Answer 4

1. The compounds have the same functional group
2. They have similar chemical properties
3. There is a gradual change in their physical properties as we go down the series from one member to the next

Question 5

Naming organic compound: 1 carbon

Answer 5

Meth-

Question 6

Naming organic compound: 2 carbon

Answer 6

Eth-

Question 7

Naming organic compound: 3 carbon

Answer 7

Prop-

Question 8

Naming organic compound: 4 carbon

Answer 8

But-

Question 9

The second part of the name in organic compounds

Answer 9

-ane (alkane)
-ene (alkene)

Question 10

What is saturated?

Answer 10

There are only carbon-carbon single bonds (look at the lines)

Question 11

What is the majority gas in Petroleum?

Answer 11

97% methane

Question 12

How is petroleum separated in an oil refinery?

Answer 12

1. In the furnace, petroleum is heated and all is turned into a vapour
2. The vapour is passed into the fractioning column
3. Lighter fractions have lower boiling points. They are collected at the top of the fractionating column as gases
4. Heavier fractions have higher boiling points. They are collected at the bottom of the fractionating column

Question 13

Use of: Petroleum gases

Answer 13

Fuel for cooking and heating

Question 14

Use of: Petrol

Answer 14

Fuel for cars

Question 15

Use of: Naphtha

Answer 15

Chemical feedstock (raw material to make chemicals)

Question 16

Use of: Paraffin (Kerosene)

Answer 16

Fuel for aircraft engine, fuel for cooking using oil stoves

Question 17

Use of: Diesel oil

Answer 17

Fuel for lorry, bus, train engines

Question 18

Use of: Lubricating oil

Answer 18

For making waxes and polishes

Question 19

Use of: Bitumen

Answer 19

For making road surfaces

Question 20

Fractions:

Answer 20

Petroleum gases (Please)
Punish (Petrol)
Naphtha (Naughty)
Paraffin/Kerosene (Parrots/Kids)
Diesel oil (During)
Lubricating oil (Lunch)
Bitumen (Break)