Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

absolute zero

A

the lowest temperature theoretically possible; the temperature at which all molecular motion ceases.

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2
Q

barometer

A

a device for measuring atmospheric pressure

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3
Q

barometric pressure

A

the local value of atmospheric pressure.

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4
Q

boiling point

A

the temperature at which a substance enters a phase transition from a liquid to a gas (or vapor), or vice versa.

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5
Q

brittleness

A

a physical property that describes a substance’s tendency to shatter

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6
Q

chemical property

A

a property that describes chemical reactions a substance will or will not engage in.

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7
Q

combustion

A

a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen to produce heat and flame.

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8
Q

compressive strength

A

a physical property that describes the ability of a substance to withstand crushing forces.

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9
Q

corrosion

A

the destructive oxidation of metal.

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10
Q

density

A

the ratio of mass for a substance; the physical property that describes the amount of mass in a given volume.

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11
Q

ductility

A

a physical property, typical of many metals, that indicates that a substance can be drawn into a wire by pulling the substance through a die (a metal block with a hole in it).

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12
Q

elasticity

A

a physical property that describes a substances ability to stretch without breaking or becoming permanently deformed.

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13
Q

electrical conductivity

A

a physical property that describes the ability of a substance to conduct electricity. metals typically have a high electrical conductivity.

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14
Q

evaporation

A

when a substance undergoes the phase transition from a liquid to a vapor without first being heated to boiling point.

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15
Q

flammable

A

a physical property that describes a substance’s ability to burn. combustable.

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16
Q

hardness

A

a physical property that describes a substance’s ability to resist scratching.

17
Q

heat of fusion

A

the energy required to melt a solid substance while keeping its temperature the same.

18
Q

heat of vaporization

A

the energy required to vaporize (boil) a liquid substance while keeping its temperature the same.

19
Q

incompressibility

A

a property of solids and liquids, since they typically do not change in volume when under pressure (at least not much).

20
Q

inflammable

A

flammable.

21
Q

luster

A

shininess; a physical property.

22
Q

malleability

A

a physical property that indicates a substance’s ability to be hammered into thin sheets; typical of many metals.

23
Q

melting point

A

the temperature at which a substance undergoes the phase transition from a solid to a liquid or vice versa.

24
Q

oxidation

A

when an atom loses electrons to become a positively charged ion.

25
Q

phase diagram

A

a graph of temp. vs. energy for a particular substance, showing at least one phase transition.

26
Q

phase transition

A

the process of a substance changing phase from solid to liquid, liquid to gas, solid to gas, etc.

27
Q

physical property

A

a non-chemical characteristic of a substance.

28
Q

plasma

A

an ionized gas, recognized as one of the four phases of matter, the other three being solid, liquid ,or gas (vapor).

29
Q

pressure

A

the amount of force present per unit area on a surface

30
Q

shear strength

A

a physical property that describes a substance’s ability to withstand shearing forces (forces that tend to cut a substance in two).

31
Q

sublimation

A

a phase transition in which a substance transitions from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid phase.

32
Q

tensile strength

A

a physical property that indicates a substance’s ability to withstand stretching forces.

33
Q

thermal conductivity

A

a physical property that indicates the ability of a substance to conduct heat.

34
Q

thermal properties

A

properties that describe how a substance acts as it is heated.

35
Q

vapor

A

the gaseous phase of matter; a term applied to describe the gaseous state of substances that are solids or liquids at room temperature.

36
Q

vaporization

A

the process of transitioning to a vapor phase; boiling.