Chapter 11

Question 1

acid

Answer 1

a compound in an aqueous solution that neutralizes a base to form salt and water.

Question 2

alkali

Answer 2

a base that contains the hydroxide ion.

Question 3

aqueous solution

Answer 3

a solution in water.

Question 4

base

Answer 4

a compound in an aqueous solution that neutralizes an acid to form a salt and water.

Question 5

caustic

Answer 5

synonym for alkaline, which is the descriptor for base that contains the hydroxide ion (an alkali).

Question 6

chemical equation

Answer 6

an equation written with the chemical formulas of the compounds involved in a chemical reaction that shows the reactants and the products, their ratios, and (possibly) the forms they are in.

Question 7

coefficient

Answer 7

a numeral written in front of a chemical formula in a chemical equation; indicates the proportions of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

Question 8

covalent bond

Answer 8

the chemical bond that forms between nonmetal elements by means of sharing electrons. hydrogen also forms covalent bonds.

Question 9

halide

Answer 9

a compound formed with a halogen.

Question 10

halogen

Answer 10

one of the elements in Group 17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Question 11

hydrogen ion

Answer 11

a proton; the nucleus of. hydrogen atom; possesses a charge of +1.

Question 12

hydroxide

Answer 12

a polyatomic ion consisting of 1 atom of oxygen and one atom of hydrogen and possessing a charge -1.

Question 13

ionic bond

Answer 13

a chemical bond between metal and nonmetal atoms in which one or more electrons from each metal atom are transferred to the nonmetal atoms; this process results in ions that are electrically attracted to one another and so form a crystal lattice.

Question 14

neutralization

Answer 14

When an acid (pH < 7) and a base (pH > 7) react to produce a salt in water, with a pH of 7 (neutral).

Question 15

oxidation

Answer 15

when an atom loses electrons to become a positively charges ion

Question 16

pH

Answer 16

a scale measuring how acidic or basic a substance is. the scale runs from 0 to 14, 7 being neutral. the farther below 7 the pH is, the more acidic the substance. the farther above 7 the pH is, the more basic the substance.

Question 17

pH indicator

Answer 17

a substance or set of chemically colored papers that can be used to indicate the pH of other substances.

Question 18

polyatomic ion

Answer 18

a group of nonmetal atoms which may include hydrogen) covalently bonded together and possessing a net electric charge.

Question 19

precipitate

Answer 19

as a verb: to form a solid and come out of a solution, as a noun: a solid that has formed and come out of a solution during a chemical reaction.

Question 20

product

Answer 20

the compounds formed by a chemical reaction.

Question 21

reactant

Answer 21

one of the compounds going into a chemical reaction.

Question 22

redox reaction

Answer 22

a chemical reaction in which one substance is reduced and the other is oxidized. since oxidation ams reduction always occur together, the combined reactions are called redox reactions.

Question 23

reduction

Answer 23

1

Question 24

salt

Answer 24

1