Chapter 11 Flashcards
acid
a compound in an aqueous solution that neutralizes a base to form salt and water.
alkali
a base that contains the hydroxide ion.
aqueous solution
a solution in water.
base
a compound in an aqueous solution that neutralizes an acid to form a salt and water.
caustic
synonym for alkaline, which is the descriptor for base that contains the hydroxide ion (an alkali).
chemical equation
an equation written with the chemical formulas of the compounds involved in a chemical reaction that shows the reactants and the products, their ratios, and (possibly) the forms they are in.
coefficient
a numeral written in front of a chemical formula in a chemical equation; indicates the proportions of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
covalent bond
the chemical bond that forms between nonmetal elements by means of sharing electrons. hydrogen also forms covalent bonds.
halide
a compound formed with a halogen.
halogen
one of the elements in Group 17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
hydrogen ion
a proton; the nucleus of. hydrogen atom; possesses a charge of +1.
hydroxide
a polyatomic ion consisting of 1 atom of oxygen and one atom of hydrogen and possessing a charge -1.
ionic bond
a chemical bond between metal and nonmetal atoms in which one or more electrons from each metal atom are transferred to the nonmetal atoms; this process results in ions that are electrically attracted to one another and so form a crystal lattice.
neutralization
When an acid (pH < 7) and a base (pH > 7) react to produce a salt in water, with a pH of 7 (neutral).
oxidation
when an atom loses electrons to become a positively charges ion
pH
a scale measuring how acidic or basic a substance is. the scale runs from 0 to 14, 7 being neutral. the farther below 7 the pH is, the more acidic the substance. the farther above 7 the pH is, the more basic the substance.
pH indicator
a substance or set of chemically colored papers that can be used to indicate the pH of other substances.
polyatomic ion
a group of nonmetal atoms which may include hydrogen) covalently bonded together and possessing a net electric charge.
precipitate
as a verb: to form a solid and come out of a solution, as a noun: a solid that has formed and come out of a solution during a chemical reaction.
product
the compounds formed by a chemical reaction.
reactant
one of the compounds going into a chemical reaction.
redox reaction
a chemical reaction in which one substance is reduced and the other is oxidized. since oxidation ams reduction always occur together, the combined reactions are called redox reactions.
reduction
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salt
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