Chapter 9 Flashcards
What is an intelligence test?
A diagnostic tool designed to measure overall thinking ability
What are higher mental processes?
It includes reasoning, understanding, and judgement
What is abstract thinking?
The capacity to understand hypothetical concepts
What does intelligence consist of?
Reason abstractly, learn to adapt to novel environmental circumstances, acquire knowledge, and benefit from experience
What is g(general intelligence)?
A hypothetical factor that accounts for overall difference in intellect among people
What is fluid intelligence?
Refers to the capacity to learn new ways of solving problems
What is s(specific abilities)
A particular ability level in a narrow domain
What is crystallized intelligence?
Refers to the accumulated knowledge of the world we acquire over time
What is multiple intelligences?
An idea that people vary in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill
What is existential intelligence?
The ability to grasp deep philiosophical ideas, like the meaning of life
What is the triarchic model?
A model of intelligence proposed by Robert Sternberg positing three distinct types of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative
What is analytical intelligence?
The ability to reason logically, “book smarts”, it is closely related to g
What is practical intelligence?
Also called “tactic intelligence”, the ability to solve real-world problem, also called “street smarts”, psychologists call this social intelligence
What is creative intelligence?
Also called “creativity”. Our ability to come up with novel and effective answers to questions
What is a brain size myth?
Brain size correlates with intelligence across species. However, it does not correlate with intelligence within species. In actuality, brain volume correlates with intelligence
What is reaction time?
Is the speed of responding to a stimuli
What is a Stanford-Binet IQ test?
An intelligence test based on the measure developed by Binet and Simon, adapted by Lewis Terman of Stanford University
What are norms?
Baseline scores in the general population from which we can compare each individual’s score
What is the intelligence quotient (IQ)?
Systematic means of quantifying differences among people in their intelligence
What is mental age?
The age corresponding to the average individual’s performance on an intelligence test
What is chronological age?
The person’s actual age
What is deviation IQ?
An expression of a person’s IQ relative to his or her same-aged peers
What is eugenics?
Is a movement in the early twentieth century to improve a population’s genetic stock by encouraging those with good genes to reproduce, and discouraging those with bad genes from reproducing.
What is WAIS?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Most widely used intelligence test, consisting of 15 subtests to assess different types of mental abilities
What is culture-fair IQ tests?
Abstract reasoning measure that doesn’t depend on language and is often believed to be less influenced by cultural factors than other IQ tests
What is mental energy?
The ability to focus on difficult problems for long periods of time
What is health literacy?
The ability to understand health-related information, such as instructions from the doctors or on drug labels
What is the bell curve?
The distribution of scores in which the bulk of the scores falls towards the middle, with progressively fewer scores towards the “tails” or extremes
What is an intellectual disabilty?
A condition characterized by an onset prior to adulthood, an IQ below about 70, and an inability to engage in adequate daily functioning
What is divergent thinking?
The capacity to generate many different solutions to a problem
What is convergent thinking?
The capacity to find the single best answer to a problem
What is emotional intelligence?
The ability to understand our emotions and those of others, and to apply this information to our everyday lives
What is wisdom?
The application of intelligence toward a common good
What is ideological immune system?
Our psychological defences against evidence that contradicts ours
