Chapter 12 Flashcards
What is stress?
The tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation, called a stressor - a type of stimulus - strains our ability to cope effectively
What is a traumatic event?
A stressor that is so severe it can produce long-term psychological or health consequences
What is the stressors as stimulus approach?
Focuses on identifying different types of stressful events, ranging from job loss to combat
What is stress as a transaction approach?
Examines how people interpret and cope with stressful events. Some people react negatively to a relationship ending and others see it as a new start
What is primary appraisal?
An initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful, we use this before making a secondary appraisal
What is secondary appraisal?
Which are perceptions regarding our ability to cope with an event that follows primary appraisal
What is problem-focused coping?
Which is coping strategy by which we problem solve and tackle life’s challenges head-on
What is emotion-focused coping?
Is a coping strategy that features a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behaviours that reduce painful emotions
What is stress as a response?
Assesses people’s psychological and physical reactions to stressful circumstances, they measure a lot of variables: stress-related feelings such as depression, hopelessness, hostility, and physiological responses
What is corticosteroids?
These hormones activate the body and prepare us for stressful circumstances
What are hassles?
Are minor annoyances or nuisances that strains our ability to cope
What is the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)?
It tries to gauge the nature and impact to cope
What is the general adaption syndrome (GAS)?
Consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
What is the emotional brain?
The limbic system, includes the amygdala, hypothalamus, and the hippocampus
What is the fight-or-flight response?
A physical and psychological reaction that mobilizes people and animals to wither defend themselves (fight) or escape (flee) a threatening situation
What is the tend and befriend reaction?
A reaction that mobilizes people to nurture (tend) or seek social support (befriend) under stress
What is social support?
Relationships with people and groups that can provide us with emotional comfort and personal and financial resources
What is proactive coping?
The anticipation of problems and stressful situations that promotes effective coping
What is hardiness?
A set of attitudes marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life and work, and courage and motivation to confront stressful circumstances
What is spirituality?
The search for the sacred, which may or may not extend to belief in God
What is the immune system?
Our body’s defence systemn against invading bacteria, viruses, and other potentially illness-producing organisms and substances
What are phagocytes and lymphocytes?
Two types of specialized white blood cells manufactures in the marrow of our bones. At the first scene of an infection, phagocytes engulf an invader
What is acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
Is a life-threatening, incurable, yet treatable condition in which the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks and damages the immune system
What is psychoneuroimmunology?
The study of the relationship between the immune system and central nervous system
What is a peptic ulcer?
An inflamed area in the gastrointestinal tract that can cause pain, nausea, and loss of appetite
What is psychophysiological?
Are illnesses such as asthma and ulcers in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggravate the physical condition
What is biopsychosocial perspective?
Are illnesses such as asthma and ulcers in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggrieve the physical condition
What is coronary heart disease (CHD)?
The damage to the heart from the complete or partial blockage of the arteries that provide oxygen to the heart
What is type A personality?
A personality type that describes people who are competitive, driven, hostile, and ambitious
What is health psychology?
A field of psychology, also called behavioural medicine, that integrates the behavioural sciences with the practice of medicine
What is aerobic exercise?
Are exercises that promotes the use of oxygen in the body
What is alternate medicine?
Health care practices and products used IN PLACE of conventional medicine
What is conventional medicine?
Medicine for which there is solid evidence of safety and effectiveness
What is alternative medicine?
Health care practices and products USED TOGETHER with conventional medicine
What are natural commonplace?
Just because something is natural, doesn’t mean it is necessarily good for your health
What is biofeedback?
Feedback by a device that provides almost an immediate output of a biological function , such as heart rate or skin temperature
What is meditiation?
It refers to a variety of practices that train attention and awareness
What is acupuncture?
Practitioners insert thin needles into specific points in the body
What is homeopathic medicine?
Are remedies that feature a small dose of an illness-inducing substance to activate the body’s own natural defences
What is concentration meditiation?
The goal is to focus attention on a single thing, such as the flame of a candle
What is awareness meditiation?
Attention flows freely and examines whatever comes to mind
