Chapter 13

Question 1

What is social psychology?

Answer 1

Is the study of how people influence others’ behaviour, beliefs, and attitudes

Question 2

What is the need-to-belong theory?

Answer 2

Is that humans have a biological need for interpersonal connections. We seek out social bonds when we can and suffer negative psychological and physical consequences when we can’t

Question 3

What is mass hysteria?

Answer 3

A contagious outbreak of irrational behaviour that spreads much like a flu epidemic

Question 4

What are attributions?

Answer 4

The process of assigning causes to behaviour

Question 5

What is fundamental attribution error?

Answer 5

The tendency to overestimate the impact od dispositional influences on other people’s behaviour

Question 6

What is conformity?

Answer 6

It refers to the tendency of people to alter their behaviour as a result of a group pressure

Question 7

What is deindividuation?

Answer 7

The tendency of people to engage in atypical behaviour when stripped of their usual identities

Question 8

What is groupthink?

Answer 8

An emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking

Question 9

What are cults?

Answer 9

Groups that exhibit intense and unquestioning devotion to a single cause

Question 10

What is obedience?

Answer 10

The adherence to instructions from those of higher authority

Question 11

What is pluralistic ignorance?

Answer 11

An error of assuming that no one in a group perceives things as we do

Question 12

What is the diffusion of responsibility?

Answer 12

The presence of others makes each person feels less responsible for the outcome

Question 13

What is social loafing?

Answer 13

A phenomenon whereby individuals become less productive in groups

Question 14

What is altruism?

Answer 14

Helping others for unselfish others

Question 15

The enlightenment effect?

Answer 15

Learning about psychological research can change real-world behaviour for the better

Question 16

What is aggression?

Answer 16

A behaviour intended to harm others, whether verbally or physically

Question 17

What is interpersonal provocation?

Answer 17

It is where were likely to strike out aggressively against those who have provoked us

Question 18

What is frustration?

Answer 18

We’re likely to behave aggressively when frustrated - that is, thwarted from reaching a goal

Question 19

What are media influences?

Answer 19

Watching media violence increases the odds of violence through observational learning

Question 20

What are aggressive cues?

Answer 20

Are external cues associated with violence, such as guns and knives, can serve as discriminative stimuli for aggressive, making us more likely to act violently in response to provocation

Question 21

What is arousal?

Answer 21

When our automatic nervous systems are hyped up, we may mistakenly attribute this arousal to anger, leading us to act aggressively

Question 22

What is alcohol and other drugs?

Answer 22

Certain substances can disinhibit our brains prefrontal cortex, lowering our inhibitions towards behaving violently

Question 23

What is relational aggression?

Answer 23

Form of indirect aggression, prevalent in girls, involving spreading rumours, gossiping, and nonverbal putdowns for the purpose of social manipulation

Question 24

What is the recognition heuristic?

Answer 24

Makes us more likely to believe something we’ve heard many times

Question 25

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 25

An unpleasant mental experience of tension resulting from two conflicting thoughts or beliefs