Chapter 9 Flashcards
behavioral momentum
The susceptibility of responding to disruption by manipulations such as pre-session feeding, delivery of free food, or a change in the schedule of reinforcement.
consolidation
The establishment of a memory in relatively permanent form so that it is available for retrieval a long time after original acquisition.
continuous reinforcement (CRF)
A schedule of reinforcement in which every occurrence of the instrumental response produces the reinforcer.
discrimination hypothesis
An explanation of the partial-reinforcement extinction effect according to which extinction is slower after partial reinforcement than continuous reinforcement because the onset of extinction is more difficult to detect following partial reinforcement.
extinction (in classical)
Reduction of a learned response that occurs because the CS is no longer paired with the US. Also, the procedure of repeatedly presenting a CS without the US.
extinction (in instrumental)
reduction of the instrumental response that occurs because the response is no longer followed by the reinforcer. Also, the procedure of no longer reinforcing the instrumental response
forgetting
The loss of a learned response that occurs
because information about training is irrevocably lost
due to the passage of time. Forgetting is contrasted with extinction, which is produced by a specific procedure rather than the passage of time.
frustration
an aversive emotional reaction that results from the unexpected absence of reinforcement
frustration theory
A theory of the partial-reinforcement extinction effect, according to which extinction is slower after partial reinforcement because the instrumental response becomes conditioned to the anticipation of frustrative nonreward.
intermittent reinforcement
A schedule of reinforcement in which only some of the occurrences of the instrumental response are reinforced. The instrumental response is reinforced occasionally or intermittently. Also called partial reinforcement.
overtraining extinction effect
Less persistence of instrumental behavior in extinction following extensive training with reinforcement (overtraining) than following only moderate levels of training. This effect is most prominent with continuous reinforcement.
magnitude reinforcement extinction effect
Less persistence of instrumental behavior in extinction following training with a large reinforcer than following training with a small or moderate reinforcer. This effect
is most prominent with continuous reinforcement.
partial-reinforcement extinction effect
The term used to describe greater persistence in instrumental responding in extinction after partial (or intermittent) reinforcement training than after continuous reinforcement training.
reinstatement
reappearance of an extinguished response produced by exposure of the US or reinforcer
renewal effect
Reappearance of an extinguished response produced by a shift away from the contextual cues that were present during extinction. In ABA renewal, the shift is back to the context of acquisition. In ABC renewal, the shift is to a familiar context unrelated to either acquisition or extinction.
