Chapter 4 Flashcards
blocking effect
Interference with the conditioning of a novel stimulus because of the presence of a previously conditioned stimulus.
comparator hypothesis
The idea that conditioned responding depends on a comparison between the associative strength of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the associative strength of other cues present during training of the target CS.
conditioned compensatory-response
A conditioned response opposite in form to the reaction elicited by the US and that therefore compensates for this reaction.
conditioned diminution of the UR
A reduction in the magnitude of the response to an unconditioned stimulus caused by presentation of a CS that had been conditioned with that US.
CS-preexposure effect
interference with conditioning produced by repeated exposures to the CS before the conditioning trials. Also called latent-inhibition effect
higher-order conditioning
A procedure in which a previously conditioned stimulus (CS1) is used to condition a new stimulus (CS2).
latent-inhibition effect
same as CS-preexposure effect
relative-waiting-time hypothesis
The idea that conditioned responding depends on how long the organism has to wait for the US in the presence of the CS, as compared to how long the organism has to wait for the US in the experimental situation irrespective of the CS.
stimulus-response learning (S-R)
The learning of an association between a stimulus and a response, with the result that the stimulus comes to elicit the response directly.
stimulus-stimulus (S-S) learning
The learning of an association between two stimuli, with the result that exposure to one of the stimuli comes to activate a representation, or “mental image,” of the other stimulus.
sensory preconditioning
A procedure in which one biologically weak stimulus (CS2) is repeatedly paired with another biologically weak stimulus (CS1). Then, CS1 is conditioned with an unconditioned stimulus. In a later test trial, CS2 also will elicit the conditioned response, even though CS2 was never directly paired with the US.
stimulus salience
The significance or noticeability of a stimulus. Generally, conditioning proceeds more rapidly with more salient conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.
stimulus substitution
The theoretical idea that as a result of classical conditioning participants come to respond to the CS in much the same way that they respond to the US.
US-preexposure effect
Interference with conditioning produced by repeated exposures to the unconditioned stimulus before the conditioning trials.
US devaluation
Reduction in the attractiveness of an unconditioned stimulus, usually achieved by aversion conditioning or satiation.
