Chapter 9 Flashcards
What is intelligence?
Boring’s def’n: Intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measure
Who created the first intelligence test?
Binet and Simon 1905
What is general intelligence? (g)
Overall differences in intellect among people
What are particular skills? (s)
Reflected in our specific abilities
What is fluid intelligence?
Capacity to learn new ways of solving problems
What is crystallized intelligence?
Accumulated knowledge of the world we gain over time
What are Sternberg’s 3 distinct types of intelligence?
Analytical (book smart), Practical (street smart), Creative (creativity)
What is analytical intelligence?
Ability to reason logically
What is practical intelligence?
Ability to solve real-word problems
What is creative intelligence?
Ability to come up with novel and effective answers
What is the central theme?
Speed of information processing is related to intelligence
What is information tests?
Taps general range information
What is comprehension tests?
Tests understanding of social conventions and ability to evaluate past experiences
What is arithmetic tests?
Tests arithmetic reason through verbal problems
What is similarities test?
Asks in what way certain objects or concepts are similar, measure abstract thinking
What is digit symbol test?
Tests speed of learning through timed coding tasks in which numbers must be associated with marks of various shapes
What is visual puzzle test?
Tests ability to organize parts of a figure into a large spatial array
What is Galton’s theory?
People with better senses acquire more knowledge
What are the 4 levels of intellectual disability?
Mild, moderate, severe, profound; the more severe the intellectual disability, the less likely it is to run in families
What does Terman’s “termites” show?
Prodigies do not “burn out” or have higher rates of mental illness
What makes a genius?
Genetic factors play a role, but so do practice and dedication
What is the flynn effect?
The average IQ of the population has been rising by about 3 points every 10 years
What caused the flynn effect?
Increased test sophistication
Increased complexity of modern world
Better nutrition
Changes at home and school
Why are there racial differences in IQ?
Differences appear to be largely or completely environmental in origin
Why are there societal differences?
Most likely cause of IQ differences, not genetics
What is multiple intelligence?
The idea that people vary in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill
What is within-group heritability?
The variability of a trait within a group is genetically influenced
What is between-group heritability?
The difference in a trait between groups is genetically influenced
What is test bias?
The tendency of a test to predict outcomes better in one group than another
What is stereotype threat?
The fear that we may confirm a negative group stereotype
