Chapter 9 Flashcards
Where does body movement occur?
At joints (Articulations).
What’s a Joint?
Where 2 bone connect.
The stronger the joint the ________ mobility.
less.
Which joints are most likely to get injured?
The ones that move the most.
Shoulder.
Hip.
Synarthrosis in joints means..
No movement.
Amphiarthrosis in joints means…
Little movement.
Diarthrosis in joints means..
More movement.
4 types of synarthrotic joints.
Suture.
Gomphosis.
Synchondrosis.
Synostosis.
3 features of a suture, and what type of joint is it?
Bones interlocked.
Bound by dense fibrous connective tissue.
Only found in skull.
Synarthrotic.
Gomphosis, one example, and what type of joint is it?
Fibrous connection plus insertion in alveolar process.
Binds teeth to sockets.
Synarthrotic.
Synchondrosis, one example, and what type of joint is it?
Rigid cartilaginous bridge between 2 bones.
Epiphyseal cartilages.
Synarthrotic.
Example of synchondrosis?
Epiphyseal cartilage of long bones.
Example of synostosis?
Epiphyseal lines of long bones.
Synostosis, example, and what type of joint is it?
Conversion of other articular form to a solid mass of bone.
Portions of skull, epiphyseal lines.
Synarthrotic.
Amphiarthrosis?
More moveable than synarthrosis.
Stronger than freely movable joint.
Syndesmosis, example, and what type of joint is it?
Ligamentous connection.
Between tibia and fibula.
Amphiarthrotic.
Symphysis, example, and what type of joint is it?
Connection by a fibrocartilage pad.
Between right and left pubic bones of pelvis, between adjacent vertebral bodies along vertebral column.
Amphiarthrotic.
Diarthrosis?
Free movement joint.
Diarthritic/Synovial joint?
Where?
Within?
Lined with?
Moveable joint.
At ends of long bones.
Within articular capsules.
Lined with synovial membrane.
Ligaments prevent ________ of joints.
excess movement.
What connects muscle to bone?
Tendon.
Where do bursae sacs exist?
Where there is a lot of friction and tendons.
What do bursae sacs do?
decreases rubbing, friction, and irritation.
Function of articular cartilages?
Pad articulating surfaces within articular capsules and prevent bones from touching.
Smooth surfaces are lubricated by __________.
Synovial Fluid.
Functions of synovial fluid?
Lubrication.
Nutrient distribution.
Shock absorption.
Accessory structures of synovial joints.
Cartilages. Fat pads. Ligaments. Tendons. Bursae.
Flexion?
Bending joint.
Decreasing angle.
Extension?
Straightening joint.
Increasing angle.
Hyperextension?
Moving joint past range of motion.
Abduction?
Moving body part away from midline of body.
Adduction?
Moving body part toward midline of body.
Abduction of fingers?
Spreading fingers.
Adduction of fingers?
Putting fingers back together.
Pronation?
Opposite of anatomical.
Supination?
In Anatomical.
Inversion?
Big toe inward.
Eversion?
Big toe outward.
Dorsiflexion?
Ankle Flexion.
Plantarflexion?
Ankle Extension.
Opposition?
Thumb movement toward fingers or palm.
Protraction?
Pushing head out.
Retraction?
Pulling head in.
Elevation?
Closing jaw/mouth.
Depression?
Opening jaw/mouth.
Lateral Flexion?
Bends vertebral column from side to side.
What type of joint is a synovial joint?
Diarthrosis. Most moveable.
Types of Synovial joints?
Gliding. Hinge. Pivot. Ellipsoidal. Saddle. Ball-and-socket.
Of the synovial joints, this joint moves the least.
Gliding joints.
Examples of Gliding joints.
Acormioclavicular.
Intercarpal and intertarsal.
Vertebrocostal.
Sacroiliac.
Gliding joints have what type of surfaces?
Flattened or slightly curved.
All synovial joints are encapsulated in a ________.
Synovial membrane.
Nonaxial synovial joints.
Gliding joints.
Monoaxial synovial joint.
Hinge joints.
Pivot joints.
Examples of hinge joints.
Elbow.
Knee.
Ankle.
Interphalangeal.
Joint characterized by angular motion in a single plane.
Hinge joint.
Joint that operates like door hinge.
Hinge Joint.
Synovial joints that only rotate?
Pivot joints.
Examples of pivot joint?
Atlas/axis.
Proximal radioulnar joint.
C1 pivot on dens of C2 spine.
Types of biaxial joints?
Ellipsoidal.
Saddle.
Examples of Ellipsoidal joints?
Wrist.
Radiocarpal.
Metacarpophalangeal.
Metatarsophalangeal.
Describe Ellipsoidal joint.
Oval articular face within a depression.
Describe Saddle joint.
2 concave faces, straddled.
Saddle joint example.
metacarpal.
types of triaxial joints?
Ball-and-socket joint.
Describe ball and socket joint.
Round articular face in a depression.
Examples of ball and socket joint.
Shoulder.
Hip.
A joint can’t be both ______ and ______.
Mobile.
Strong.
Mobile joints supported by _______ and _______.
Muscles.
Ligaments.
Where do C2 to L5 spinal vertebrae articulate?
intervertebral articulations
At inferior and superior articular processes. (gliding joints).
Between adjacent vertebral bodies (Sympyseal joints).
Intervertebral disc structure? ( 2 parts)
Anulus fibrosus.
Nucleus Pulposus.
2 characteristics of Anulus fibrosus.
Tough outer layer.
Attaches disc to vertebrae.
2 characteristics of Nucleus pulosus.
Elastic, gelatinous core.
Absorbs shocks.
2 ways you can damage the intervertebral discs.
Bulging discs.
Herniated discs.
Bulging discs? (2 characteristics)
bulge in anulus fibrosus.
Invades vertebral canal.
Herniated disc? (2 characteristics)
Nucleus pulosus breaks through anulus fibrosus.
Presses on spinal cord or nerves.
Most injured joint in body?
Glenohumeral joint (Shoulder joint).
Joint that allows more motion than any other joint?
Shoudler (glenohumeral)
Least stable joint?
Shoulder (glenohumeral)
3 big muscle groups?
Rotator cuff.
Hamstrings.
Quadriceps.
Muscles of the quadriceps?
Rectus Femoris.
Vastus Medialis.
Vastus Lateralis.
Vastus Intermedius.
Muscles of the hamstring?
Biceps Femoris.
Semitendinosus.
Semimembranosus.
Muscles of the rotator cuff (Shoulder muscles)?
Supraspinatus.
Infraspinatus.
Subscapularis.
Teres Minor.
A stable hinge joint with articulations between humerus, radius, and ulna?
Elbow joint.
Radial collateral ligament stabilizes ______ aspect of elbow.
Lateral.
Ulnar collateral ligament stabilizes ______ aspect of elbow.
Medial.
Largest articulation of elbow.
Humeroulnar joint.
The junction between the trochlea notch of the ulna and the trochlea of humerus.
Humeroulnar joint.
What type of joint is humeroulnar joint?
A simple hinge joint.
where’s humeroradial joint located?
Between capitulum of humerus and head of radius.
2 characteristics of Hip (coxal) Joint.
Strong ball and socket diarthrosis.
Wide range of motion.
Structures of the hip joint?
Head of femur fits into it.
Socket of acetabulum which is extended by fibrocartilage acetabular labrum.
2 characteristics of the Knee joint?
Complicated hinge joint.
Transfers weight from femur to tibia.
Knee joint articulations.
2 at medial and lateral condyles.
one between patella and patellar surface of femur.
4 characteristics of medial and lateral mensci?
Fibrocartilage pads.
At femur-tibia articulations.
Cushion and stabilize joint.
give lateral support.
Rheumatism?
A pain and stiffness of skeletal and muscular system.
Arthritis?
All forms of rheumatism that damage articular cartilages of synovial joints.
What causes osteoarthritis?
Wear and tear of joint surfaces, trauma or genetic factors affecting collagen formation.
What age do you generally see osteoarthritis?
Generally in people over age 60.
Rheumatoid arthritis?
Inflammatory condition caused by infection, allergy, or autoimmune disease.
What’s it called when immune system incorrectly attacks synovial joints?
Rheumatoid arthritis.
Gouty arthritis? What’s this due to?
Occurs when crystals (uric acid or calcium salts) form within synovial fluid.
Metabolic disorders.
