Chapter 11 Flashcards
Parallel muscles when ______ causes muscle to bulge.
Contracts.
4 patterns of fascicle organization?
Parallel.
Convergent.
Pennate.
Circular.
Parallel muscles define.
one example.
fibers parallel to the long axis of muscle.
biceps brachii.
Muscle fibers pull in different directions, depending on stimulation.
Convergent muscles.
example of convergent muscle.
Pectoralis major.
Define convergent muscle.
Broad area converges on attachment site ( tendon, aponeurosis, or raphe).
Three types of pennate muscles.
Unipennate.
bipennate.
Multipennate.
Unipennate muscles.
example.
fibers on one side of tendon.
Extensor digitorum.
Bipennate muscles.
example.
fibers on both sides of tendon.
Rectus femoris.
Multipennate muscles, example.
tendon branches within muscle.
Deltoid.
Circular muscles are also called….
Sphincters.
Function of sphincter (circular muscles).
Example.
Open and close to guard entrances of body.
Obicularis Oris.
Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton and produce ______.
motion.
Types of muscle ______ affects power, range, and speed of muscle movement.
attachment.
Mechanically, each bone is a ______.
Lever.
Mechanically, each joint is a _______.
fulcrum (a fixed point).
Muscles provide _________, required to overcome resistance.
Applied Force.
3 functions of a lever to change:
direction of an applied force.
distance and speed of movement produced by an applied force.
effective strength of an applied force.
What does each class of levers depend on for identification?
The relationship between applied force, fulcrum, and resistance.
3 classes of levers?
first.
second.
third.
Seesaw is an example of which lever?
First class.
Describe first class lever.
Center fulcrum between applied force and resistance.
In a first class lever, what are balanced?
Force and resistance.
Wheelbarrow is an example of which lever?
Second class.
Describe second class levers.
Center resistance between applied force and fulcrum.
A small force moves large weight describes which lever?
Second class.
Most common levers in the body.
Third class.
Describe third class levers.
Center applied force between resistance and fulcrum.
Greater force moves smaller resistance describes which levers?
Third class.
Which lever maximizes speed and distance travelled?
Third class.
An agonist does what?
Produces a particular movement.
An antagonist does what?
Oppose movement of a particular agonist.
A smaller muscle that assists a larger agonist
synergist.
Helps start motion or stabilize origin of agonist (fixator)
Synergist.
Agonist and antagonists work in ______
pairs.
When an agonist or antagonist contracts, the other ______.
stretches.
Two divisions of muscular system.
Axial muscles.
Appendicular muscles.
3 characteristics of axial muscles.
Position head and spinal column.
Move rib cage.
60% of skeletal muscles.
Which muscular system is back, torso, head, and face.
Axial.
3 characteristics of appendicular muscles?
Support pectoral and pelvic girdles.
Support limbs.
40% of skeletal muscles.
Which muscular system makes up the extremities?
Appendicular.
6 muscle groups of the head and neck.
Muscles of facial expression. Extrinsic eye muscles. Muscles of mastication . Muscles of tongue. Muscles of Pharynx. Anterior muscles of the neck.
Muscle group that move the mandible?
Muscles of mastication.
Muscle group with names that end in glossus.
Muscles of tongue.
Muscle group that begins swallowing process.
Muscles of the pharynx.
Muscle group that originates on skull.
Muscles of facial expression.
Muscle group that originates on surface of orbit.
Extrinsic eye muscles.
Muscle group that controls position of larynx, depresses mandible, and supports tongue and pharynx.
Anterior muscles of the neck.
3 muscles of mastication.
Masseter.
Temporalis.
Pterygoid.
The strongest jaw muscle.
Masseter.
Helps lift the mandible.
Temporalis.
Position mandible for chewing, focused on alignment, deep to the masseter.
Pterygoid.
