Chapter 9 Flashcards
If oxygen is present, metabolism is considered to be
aerobic.
Ketones are produced from:
acetyl-CoA.
In the body, excess amino acids are
burned as fuel or stored as fat.
Glycolysis is the process by which
glucose breaks apart to form pyruvate.
During the end reaction of the electron transport chain, oxygen becomes
reduced to water (H2O).
Electron transport is the process by which
NADH + H+ and FADH2 are converted to NAD+ and FAD, donating electrons and hydrogen ions to oxygen.
Amino acids (or parts of their carbon skeletons) that can be converted to pyruvate or enter the citric acid cycle directly are called
glucogenic amino acids.
The citric acid cycle is also known as the
Krebs cycle.
When muscle tissue is exercising under anaerobic conditions, the production of ______ is important because it ensures a continuous supply of NAD+.
lactate
After a person has fasted for about a week, the brain adapts to using _______ for some of its fuel needs.
ketones
Oxidation-reduction reactions in the body are controlled by
enzymes.
When the carbon skeleton of an amino acid is oxidized for energy, the amino group is removed and sent to the liver to produce
urea.
Where does alcohol metabolism predominantly occur in the body?
liver
All the chemical and physical processes involved in maintaining life are referred to as
metabolism.
The common pathway for the oxidation of glucose and fatty acids is
the citric acid cycle.
How many molecules of lactate are produced from one molecule of glucose?
2
When a compound is oxidized it ______ one or more electrons.
loses
Fasting or starvation accelerates
gluconeogenesis. ketone production. body protein breakdown. body fat breakdown. All of these choices are correct.
In which compartment of the cell do Krebs cycle and fatty acid oxidation take place?
mitochondria.
Red blood cells undergo anaerobic metabolism, which means that they produce
lactate.
Beta-oxidation is the process by which
fatty acids break apart to form acetyl-CoA.
Ketosis increases with
fasting.
a low-carbohydrate diet.
uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus.
All of these choices are correct.
Photosynthesis occurs in plants and uses energy from the sun to
produce organic compounds from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
The process of simply losing an amine group from amino acids is called:
deamination
The major end products of the electron transport chain are
water, carbon dioxide and ATP.
Gluconeogenesis is the process whereby the body
produces glucose from amino acid and glycerol molecules.
Flavin adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme form of the vitamin
riboflavin.
All the energy available to humans has its origins in
the sun’s solar energy.
After a period of prolonged fasting (starving), the brain changes its fuel requirements
and starts to use ketones and spares protein.
The energy currency the body uses is
ATP.
