Chapter 9

Question 1

If oxygen is present, metabolism is considered to be

Answer 1

aerobic.

Question 2

Ketones are produced from:

Answer 2

acetyl-CoA.

Question 3

In the body, excess amino acids are

Answer 3

burned as fuel or stored as fat.

Question 4

Glycolysis is the process by which

Answer 4

glucose breaks apart to form pyruvate.

Question 5

During the end reaction of the electron transport chain, oxygen becomes

Answer 5

reduced to water (H2O).

Question 6

Electron transport is the process by which

Answer 6

NADH + H+ and FADH2 are converted to NAD+ and FAD, donating electrons and hydrogen ions to oxygen.

Question 7

Amino acids (or parts of their carbon skeletons) that can be converted to pyruvate or enter the citric acid cycle directly are called

Answer 7

glucogenic amino acids.

Question 8

The citric acid cycle is also known as the

Answer 8

Krebs cycle.

Question 9

When muscle tissue is exercising under anaerobic conditions, the production of ______ is important because it ensures a continuous supply of NAD+.

Answer 9

lactate

Question 10

After a person has fasted for about a week, the brain adapts to using _______ for some of its fuel needs.

Answer 10

ketones

Question 11

Oxidation-reduction reactions in the body are controlled by

Answer 11

enzymes.

Question 12

When the carbon skeleton of an amino acid is oxidized for energy, the amino group is removed and sent to the liver to produce

Answer 12

urea.

Question 13

Where does alcohol metabolism predominantly occur in the body?

Answer 13

liver

Question 14

All the chemical and physical processes involved in maintaining life are referred to as

Answer 14

metabolism.

Question 15

The common pathway for the oxidation of glucose and fatty acids is

Answer 15

the citric acid cycle.

Question 16

How many molecules of lactate are produced from one molecule of glucose?

Answer 16

2

Question 17

When a compound is oxidized it ______ one or more electrons.

Answer 17

loses

Question 18

Fasting or starvation accelerates

Answer 18

gluconeogenesis.
ketone production.
body protein breakdown.
body fat breakdown.
All of these choices are correct.

Question 19

In which compartment of the cell do Krebs cycle and fatty acid oxidation take place?

Answer 19

mitochondria.

Question 20

Red blood cells undergo anaerobic metabolism, which means that they produce

Answer 20

lactate.

Question 21

Beta-oxidation is the process by which

Answer 21

fatty acids break apart to form acetyl-CoA.

Question 22

Ketosis increases with

Answer 22

fasting.
a low-carbohydrate diet.
uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus.
All of these choices are correct.

Question 23

Photosynthesis occurs in plants and uses energy from the sun to

Answer 23

produce organic compounds from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 24

The process of simply losing an amine group from amino acids is called:

Answer 24

deamination

Question 25

The major end products of the electron transport chain are

Answer 25

water, carbon dioxide and ATP.

Question 26

Gluconeogenesis is the process whereby the body

Answer 26

produces glucose from amino acid and glycerol molecules.

Question 27

Flavin adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme form of the vitamin

Answer 27

riboflavin.

Question 28

All the energy available to humans has its origins in

Answer 28

the sun’s solar energy.

Question 29

After a period of prolonged fasting (starving), the brain changes its fuel requirements

Answer 29

and starts to use ketones and spares protein.

Question 30

The energy currency the body uses is

Answer 30

ATP.