Chapter 4 Flashcards
Amino acids and glucose enter cells by
active transport.
The taste sensation umami can best be described as
a savory or meaty taste derived from the amino acid glutamate.
Bile is formed in the ___________ and stored in the ___________.
liver; gallbladder
The salivary glands produce about ___ cup(s) of saliva each day. Saliva is a watery fluid that contains ________, ___________, and ___________.
4; mucus; digestive enzymes; antibacterial substances
The life span of absorptive cells in the villi is approximately
2 to 5 days.
The leading cause of peptic ulcer disease is
Helicobacter pylori infection.
Most of the digestive processes occur in the
small intestine.
Tissues are defined as
a collection of cells that perform a specific function.
Human digestion of food begins in the _______, where the enzyme _____ breaks down a small amount of starch.
mouth; amylase
The 4 primary types of tissue are
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
An example of a probiotic is
bacteria in yogurt.
The hepatic portal system delivers nutrients from the digestive tract to the
liver.
The stomach is protected from digesting itself by producing
a thick layer of mucus to coat the lining of the stomach.
Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) from the pancreas
neutralize the acid contents in the duodenum.
The small intestine is divided into three segments. List them in descending order.
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
The smallest functional unit of the human body is the
cell.
A circular muscle that can open and close and acts to regulate the flow of materials in one direction is referred to as
a sphincter.
The stomach can absorb
alcohol
Gastrin, secretin, CCK, and gastric inhibitory peptide are examples of
hormones.
The bacteria that usually inhabit the large intestine are prevented from backing up into the ileum by the action of the
ileocecal sphincter.
The sphincter that allows chyme to pass into the small intestine is known as the
pyloric sphincter.
Most dietary fats will
enter the lymphatic system.
The ______ layer of the GI tract wall contains glands, blood vessels, and nerves, whereas the ________ layer is the outermost layer that protects the GI tract.
submucosa; serosa
The gastric secretion, pepsin, is necessary for
protein digestion.
Secretions from the pancreas include
sodium bicarbonate and digestive enzymes.
