Chapter 4

Question 1

Amino acids and glucose enter cells by

Answer 1

active transport.

Question 2

The taste sensation umami can best be described as

Answer 2

a savory or meaty taste derived from the amino acid glutamate.

Question 3

Bile is formed in the ___________ and stored in the ___________.

Answer 3

liver; gallbladder

Question 4

The salivary glands produce about ___ cup(s) of saliva each day. Saliva is a watery fluid that contains ________, ___________, and ___________.

Answer 4

4; mucus; digestive enzymes; antibacterial substances

Question 5

The life span of absorptive cells in the villi is approximately

Answer 5

2 to 5 days.

Question 6

The leading cause of peptic ulcer disease is

Answer 6

Helicobacter pylori infection.

Question 7

Most of the digestive processes occur in the

Answer 7

small intestine.

Question 8

Tissues are defined as

Answer 8

a collection of cells that perform a specific function.

Question 9

Human digestion of food begins in the _______, where the enzyme _____ breaks down a small amount of starch.

Answer 9

mouth; amylase

Question 10

The 4 primary types of tissue are

Answer 10

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

Question 11

An example of a probiotic is

Answer 11

bacteria in yogurt.

Question 12

The hepatic portal system delivers nutrients from the digestive tract to the

Answer 12

liver.

Question 13

The stomach is protected from digesting itself by producing

Answer 13

a thick layer of mucus to coat the lining of the stomach.

Question 14

Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) from the pancreas

Answer 14

neutralize the acid contents in the duodenum.

Question 15

The small intestine is divided into three segments. List them in descending order.

Answer 15

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 16

The smallest functional unit of the human body is the

Answer 16

cell.

Question 17

A circular muscle that can open and close and acts to regulate the flow of materials in one direction is referred to as

Answer 17

a sphincter.

Question 18

The stomach can absorb

Answer 18

alcohol

Question 19

Gastrin, secretin, CCK, and gastric inhibitory peptide are examples of

Answer 19

hormones.

Question 20

The bacteria that usually inhabit the large intestine are prevented from backing up into the ileum by the action of the

Answer 20

ileocecal sphincter.

Question 21

The sphincter that allows chyme to pass into the small intestine is known as the

Answer 21

pyloric sphincter.

Question 22

Most dietary fats will

Answer 22

enter the lymphatic system.

Question 23

The ______ layer of the GI tract wall contains glands, blood vessels, and nerves, whereas the ________ layer is the outermost layer that protects the GI tract.

Answer 23

submucosa; serosa

Question 24

The gastric secretion, pepsin, is necessary for

Answer 24

protein digestion.

Question 25

Secretions from the pancreas include

Answer 25

sodium bicarbonate and digestive enzymes.