Chapter 9 Flashcards
Oocyte
An immature productive egg or ovum
Contained when a female fetus is born
Women release 400-500 ovums
Menarche
The beginning of menstruation during puberty
A girls first period
Follicular phase
The rally period during a woman’s monthly fertility cycle when the pituitary gland secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSN) to enhance ov development
Literal phase
The lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for receding a fertilized ovum if conception has occurred
The later period of a woman’s monthly fertility cycle
Seminiferous tubules
Tightly wound microscopic tubes that comprise the testicles in the male, where sperm cells are generated
Zygote
A fertilized ovum (or egg) moving down the Fallopian tube
Contains genetic material from both
Blastocyst
The developing zygote with cells surrounding a fluid-filled core upon entering the uterus and before implanting in the uterine wall
Embryo
A blastocyst that has implanted in the uterine wall
Placenta
An organ that develops on the uterine wall during pregnancy and joins the developing embryo to the mother’s biological systems
Transfers nourishment, oxygen and waste products between the fetus and the mother
Umbilical cord
Consisting of one large vein and two arteries that transport nutrients, oxygen and fetal waste products back and forth between the fetus and the placenta
A structure approximately 22 inches in length
Trimester
One of three periods of about three months that make up the phases of a full-term pregnancy
First trimester
Embryonic period
Fetus
Highest risk of miscarriage
Embryonic period
The initial eight weeks of pregnancy following fertilization
Fetus
An embryo after eight weeks of pregnancy
Second trimester
Pregnancy is firmly established
Quickening
Sex can be determined
Quickening
The first movement of the fetus that is felt by the mother
Third trimester
Fetus taste buds have developed
Fetus rotates to head down position
Fetal lungs develop fully and are ready to breathe air
Ectopic pregnancy (tubal pregnancy)
A pregnancy complication in which a fertilized ovum attaches and begins to grow outside the uterus
most commonly in the Fallopian tube
Miscarriage (spontaneous abortion)
The loss (without any purposeful intervention) of an embryo or fetus during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy
Preterm birth (premature birth )
Birth of an infant less than 37 weeks after conception
Leading cause of fetal death
Birth defect
A physical abnormality or metabolic dysfunction that is present at birth and may result in physical or mental deficits
Teratogen
Any agent that has the potential to cause a fetal abnormality
Ex: drugs , chemicals, metals, microbe
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
A variety of disorders than may occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy
Abortion
Termination of a pregnancy
Assumed to be the result of an a voluntary medical procedure as opposed to a miscarriage
Vacuum aspiration
A method of abortion in which a small tube is inserted through the cervix to extract the contents of the uterus including the endometrium lining and embedded embryo species
Pro-choice
He belief that a woman has the moral and legal right to choose freely to abort her pregnancy
Pro-life
The belief that voluntary abortion is akin to murder and that it should be illegal
Dilation and evacuation (D &E)
A method of abortion commonly used when a pregnancy has progressed beyond the first trimester, involving scraping of the uterine walls and auctioning out of the contents
Medical abortion
A method of abortion using drugs rather than surgery to terminate a pregnancy
Stage one labor
The first stage of the birth process involving the beginning of contractions of the uterus
Transition phase
The end of stage one labor as the fetus begins moving through the cervix and down the birth canal
Breech birth
Delivery of a fetus emerging with buttocks or legs first rather than head first
Stage two labor
The stage of the birth process in which contractions occur close together then in stage one
Involve the muscles of the abdomen as well as the uterus and continue until the infant has been expelled from the mother’s body
Neonate
A newborn infant
APGAR score (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration)
A test that analyzes infant health at birth on the basis of skin color, pulse, reflexes, movement, and breathing
Stage three labor
The final stage of the birth process when the placental is expelled from the uterus with the umbilical cord attached
OB/GYN
A physician specializing in pregnancy and childbirth
Midwife
A person (usually a woman) who has been trained in most aspects of pregnancy, labor and delivery and who is not a physician or registered nurse
Nurse- midwife
A registered nurse who has completed an accredited midwifery program and has been certified by the state to deliver babies
Birthing center
A hospital life facility with basic medical care equipment focusing on a natural, family centered approach to the birth process in a home like setting
Cesarean section
Removal of a fetus from the mother’s uterus surgically through an incision in her abdomen
C-section
Postpartum
Literally “following birth “
Typically refers to the months or first year following the birth of a child
Postpartum depression
A psychological depressive disorder that begins within four weeks after childbirth
Postpartum psychosis
A severe postpartum psychological disorder that may include delusions, hallucinations and extreme mental disorganization
Infertility
A failure to conceive for 12 consecutive moths despite persisten attempts
Laparoscopy
A surgical procedure in which a tube with a tiny camera and light is inserted through a small incision in the abdomen
Checks for infertility causes
Assisted reproductive technology ART
Various treatments to help infertile women or couples to become pregnant and have a child
