Chapter 5 Flashcards
Contraception
The process of preventing sperm cells from fertilizing an ovum
Conception
The moment a single sperm cell penetrates the wall of an ovum and the sperm’s and ovum’s DNA fuse together
Pregnancy
The period of growth of the embryo and fetus in the uterus
Selective abstinence
Choosing to engage in or avoids certain behaviors on the basis of their risks of STIs or pregnancy
celibacy
Choosing to forego all sexual activity
Outercourse
A form of abstinence in which a couple chooses to engage only in sexual behaviors that are unlikely to result in pregnancy or infection and to avoid all others, such as vaginal or anal intercourse and oral sex
Male condom
A thin sheath of latex (rubber) polyurethane (plastic) or animal tissue that is placed over an erect penis prior to and during intercourse
Female condom
A tube or pouch of thin polyurethane with a flexible ring at each end
One end is sewed and the other is open
The condom is inserted into the vagina to protect against pregnancy and the transmission of STIs
Withdrawal method
Removing the penis from the vagina prior to ejaculation— a usually unreliable method of contraception
Also called coitus interruptus and pulling out
Oral contraceptives
Tablets containing female hormones that are ingested every day
They constitute the most popular reversible contraception method used by women in the USA
Birth control pills
Combination pill
An oral contraceptive containing a combination of estrogen and progestin
Minipill
An oral contraceptive containing progestin only
Amenorrhea
Cessation of a woman’s period
Depo-Provera
A hormonal contraceptive in the form of an injection that provides 90 days of protection from conception
Contraceptive patch
A stick-on patch that delivers a precise dose of two hormones into a woman’s body through the skin, preventing ovulation
Contraceptive ring
A colorless, flexible, transparent silicone ring about 2 inches in diameter that is inserted into the vagina and releases a continuous, low dose of estrogen- and progestin- like hormones into the bloodstream
Emergency contraception (EC)
Hormonal contraceptive that helps prevent pregnancy after an unprotected act of intercourse; also know as the “morning-after” pill
Barrier method
Any contraceptive method that protects against pregnancy by preventing live sperm from entering the woman’s reproductive tract
Diaphragm
A flexible ring of latex or silicone inserted into the vagina that impedes conceptions by preventing sperm from getting past the cervix
Cervical cap
A device similar in function to the diaphragm that fits more snugly over the cervix
Spermicide
Any substance containing a chemical (most commonly minoxidil-9) that kills sperm cells, thereby preventing them from fertilizing an egg
Fertility awareness
A method of contraception based on ovulation prediction and the viability of sperm
Intercourse is timed to avoid fertile days or a barrier method is used during those days
Standard days method
A fertility awareness technique for tracking fertile and infertile days during a woman’s menstrual cycle
Two day method
A fertility awareness technique that relies on careful observation of secretions from the cervix to predict ovulation
Symptothermal method
A fertility awareness method based on monitoring a woman’s cervical secretions and internal body temperature upon awakening in the morning
Intrauterine device (IUD)
A small plastic device in the shape of a T that is inserted by a doctor into the uterus through the cervix, via the vagina
Remain in place for 3-10 years during which time pregnancy is effectively prevented
Sterilization
Any surgical alterations that prevents the emission of sperm or eggs
Also referred to as voluntary surgical contraception
Tubal ligation
A permanent method of contraception involving tying, cutting, clipping, or otherwise blocking the Fallopian tubes to prevent passage of an ovum
Vasectomy
Cutting and tying off or sealing each vas deferens so that sperm produced by the testicles can no longer mix with semen in the ejaculate
Laparoscopy
A surgical procedure in which a tube with a tube camera and light is inserted through a small incision in the abdomen
Surgical contraceptives
Tubal procedure
Vasectomy
Hormonal contraceptives
Oral (pills) Implant Injection (Depo) Ring (Nuva) Patch Plan B
Barriers types
Diaphragm Cap Sponge Spermicides Condom
Hormonal implant
A small tube that is implanted under the skin of a woman’s upper arm and releases hormones slowly preventing ovulation
