Chapter 9

Question 1

How were black nurses treated differently than white nurses during World War II?

Answer 1

They were often assigned menial, not skilled, tasks

Question 2

The main impact of the Nineteenth Amendment on women’s activism of the 1920s was to

Answer 2

expose the class, race, age, and ideological differences among women.

Question 3

How did homemaking become more complicated for women during the Great Depression?

Answer 3

Women had to deal with the presence of extended kin, as many families combined households.

Question 4

Black women fought persistent discrimination in the defense industries by

Answer 4

organizing a march against U.S. Employment Services offices.

Question 5

What was the job market like for African American women after World War I?

Answer 5

Most African American women were engaged in farm work and domestic service.

Question 6

Japanese American internment during World War II led to the erosion of

Answer 6

the strong patriarchal authority of the Japanese household.

Question 7

How did some white women respond to the employment of African American women in the defense industries?

Answer 7

In a show of solidarity, they demanded that African American workers be paid equal wages.

Question 8

How did American housewives’ lives change in the 1920s?

Answer 8

Women were expected to be better consumers, provide cleaner homes, and raise healthier children.

Question 9

Social reformers Julia Lathrop and Frances Perkins opposed the ERA because the

Answer 9

believed it would damage protective labor laws for women.

Question 10

Although Rosie the Riveter succeeded in breaking down sex-segregated labor patterns, the press instead chose to emphasize that

Answer 10

these women had maintained their femininity.

Question 11

How did the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) reflect existing assumptions about women’s subordinate role in the workforce?

Answer 11

It allowed women to be paid lower wages than men.

Question 12

What also ended with the end of World War II?

Answer 12

Women’s brief venture into well-paid industrial labor

Question 13

How were the WASPs (Women Airforce Service Pilots) different from the other women’s military agencies?

Answer 13

WASPs performed high-status male jobs such as serving as test pilots.

Question 14

The 1932 National Economy Act helped set a trend of firing or not hiring

Answer 14

women whose husbands already had jobs.

Question 15

What concerns were raised by women enlisting in the military during World War II?

Answer 15

Women could fall prey to sexual immorality and drunkenness.

Question 16

How did World War II affect the lives of Chinese women in America?

Answer 16

Jobs in the defense industry offered significant economic improvements over the work they had traditionally done.

Question 17

What were the “slave markets” in New York City and other large cities during the 1930s?

Answer 17

The street corners where black women would stand waiting for white women to hire them

Question 18

Dorothea Lange’s photograph, “Migrant Mother,” became an icon of the Depression decade because it

Answer 18

illustrated the suffering of families caught up in the nation’s economic collapse.

Question 19

What role did First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt play in the New Deal?

Answer 19

She pushed the president to pay more attention to the problems of African Americans and women.

Question 20

Sociologists writing in the 1930s, assessing the psychological effects of the Depression, gave the impression that

Answer 20

men were hardest hit because they were traditionally the chief family wage earner.

Question 21

During World War II, women became the objects of a massive propaganda campaign to urge them to

Answer 21

work in the defense industry and other sectors of the economy.

Question 22

Why did more women serve in local government rather than on the national level during the 1920s?

Answer 22

Many local positions were nonpartisan and seemed more appropriate for women.

Question 23

How did the Social Security Act of 1935 reinforce women’s inequality as wage workers?

Answer 23

Women only received benefits after their husband died if they quit their paying jobs.

Question 24

How did World War II impact the lives of Mexican women in the United States?

Answer 24

Employers stopped asking for proof of legalization because they needed all the workers they could find.

Question 25

In terms of their sexual lives, American wives of the 1920s experienced change in

Answer 25

the increasing availability and respectability of reliable birth control.

Question 26

Why did support for reform movements diminish after World War I?

Answer 26

The Red Scare cast suspicion on all liberal reform initiatives as suspect and dangerous.

Question 27

Women’s military service during World War II was restricted and highly regulated largely because of

Answer 27

cultural anxieties about servicewomen sacrificing their femininity.

Question 28

In addition to male employment rates, what other rate dropped during the Great Depression?

Answer 28

The fertility rate