Chapter 10

Question 1

What development was a factor that contributed to Americans’ postwar prosperity?

Answer 1

The GI Bill, which aided families in securing education and starting businesses

Question 2

What aspect of society did Alfred Kinsey’s report expose, shocking many in post-World War II America?

Answer 2

Changes in sexual behavior among women and men

Question 3

What impact did the recruitment of white students have on Freedom Summer?

Answer 3

It created tension within the movement between white and black women.

Question 4

What was Betty Friedan referring to when she wrote about “the problem that has no name” in The Feminine Mystique?

Answer 4

Female disillusionment with societal restrictions and traditional roles

Question 5

How did the women of the United Packinghouse Workers of America (UPWA) exemplify 1950s labor activism?

Answer 5

They challenged racial discrimination in their industry.

Question 6

What was historically ironic about women’s labor in the 1950s?

Answer 6

Despite the emphasis on domesticity, increasing numbers of married women and mothers entered the workforce.

Question 7

For what problem did Casey Hayden and Mary King criticize SNCC in their discussion paper?

Answer 7

Denying women equal participation in decision making

Question 8

What mass protest led to the formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?

Answer 8

The Greensboro sit-in

Question 9

Why was challenging the gendered structure of the workplace a problem for women’s unions?

Answer 9

Women activists had long supported protective labor legislation.

Question 10

What recommendation made by the President’s Commission on the Status of Women benefited poor black and Chicana women?

Answer 10

Expansion of the provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act

Question 11

What two major realities did 1950s American culture try to balance?

Answer 11

Unprecedented prosperity and a feeling of insecurity

Question 12

One fundamental contradiction of the mission of the President’s Commission on the Status of Women was between

Answer 12

advancing women’s careers and preserving their traditional roles.

Question 13

How did the Cold War affect ideas about American women’s domestic roles?

Answer 13

It promoted a revised cult of domesticity.

Question 14

How did the Red Scare after World War II spill over into private life?

Answer 14

The hunt for subversives targeted people with nonconformist sexual lives, particularly suspected homosexuals.

Question 15

What was significant about women’s participation in the Community Service Organization in the Mexican American community?

Answer 15

Women were about half the organization’s membership and much of its clerical support.

Question 16

What did the Supreme Court rule in the landmark Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)?

Answer 16

Segregated schools were unconstitutional.

Question 17

Ella Baker believed that she could never have a permanent leadership position in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) because she

Answer 17

was a woman and not a minister.

Question 18

Women served as “bridge leaders” in the civil rights movement by

Answer 18

organizing communities to take particular actions in support of civil rights.

Question 19

How did the civil rights movement help revive the feminist movement?

Answer 19

It gave middle-class women exposure to female activist role models, like Ella Baker.

Question 20

Women Strike for Peace (WSP) came into the public spotlight on November 1, 1961 when it

Answer 20

staged demonstrations in forty communities protesting the nuclear arms race.

Question 21

Why did the U.S. Department of Labor encourage the employment of women in the 1950s?

Answer 21

It believed the nation needed “womanpower” to maintain prosperity and compete with the Soviet Union.

Question 22

In what way were women the backbone of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Answer 22

Women, more than men, depended on public transportation to travel to their jobs.

Question 23

What was behind Rosa Parks’s decision to challenge segregation on a Montgomery, Alabama, bus?

Answer 23

Parks’s background as a civil rights activist for fifteen years

Question 24

In his best-selling childrearing book Baby and Child Care (1946), what did Dr. Benjamin Spock state about motherhood?

Answer 24

Mothers should focus on childrearing rather than careers outside the home.

Question 25

What significant development occurred during Freedom Summer of 1964?

Answer 25

The capitulation of long-standing southern resistance to black voting rights

Question 26

What did the organization Daughters of Bilitis defend?

Answer 26

Lesbian rights

Question 27

What was the 1956 movement known as Operation Coffee Cup?

Answer 27

A series of small social gatherings in private homes where Republican women could meet local candidates