Chapter 9 Flashcards
Visual symbol
Like words, visuals often carry connotative or symbolic meaning
Visual literacy
Ability to create and interpret visuals successfully
6 fundamental principles help distinguish ineffective and effective designs
Consistency Contrast Balance Emphasis Convention Simplicity
Formal vs Informal balance
Informal balance- more dynamic and engaging
Formal- more calming and serious
Visual parallelism
Helps audiences understand and compare a series of ideas
Chartjunk
Elements that clutter documents and potentially confuse readers without adding any relevant information
Guidelines to help avoid ethical lapses in your visuals
- Consider all possible interpretations- and misinterpretations
- provide context
- don’t hide or minimize negative information that runs counter to your argument
- don’t exaggerate information that supports your argument
- don’t oversimplify complex situations
- don’t imply cause-and-effect relationships without providing proof that they exist
- avoid emotional manipulation or other forms of coercion
- be careful with the way you aggregate data
5 C’s of an effective visual
Clear Complete Concise Connected Compelling
Table
Systematic arrangement of data in columns and rows. Information that would be either difficult or tedious to handle in the main text
Line charts
Shows trends over time or the relationship between two or more variables
Spreadsheet forecasting
Predict future values based on past values shown in a line chart
Surface chart/area chart
Line chart with a cumulative effect. All lines add up to the top line or the total
Bar chart helpful when
Compare the sizes of several items at one time
Shows changes in one item over time
Indicate the composition of several items over time
Show the relative sizes of components of a whole
Pictogram
Chart that portrays data as symbols instead of words or numbers
Time line chart
How much time is needed to complete a given task in a project
Gantt chart
Tracking progress towards completing a project
Scatter diagram/XY diagram
Individual points are plotted not continuous lines
Bubble diagram
Three Variables, with the size of bubble representing the third variable
Pie chart
Showing how the parts of the whole are distributed. Not as effective as a bar chart or table
Data visualization
Extracting broad meaning from giant masses of data or putting the data into context
Big data
Mass collections of data from a variety of sources piling up at high speeds
Flow chart
Sequence of events from start to finish
Organization chart
Positions, units, or functions of an organization and they way they interrelate
Geographic information systems
Maps of demographics and psychographics
Infographics
Special class of diagrams that can convey both data and concepts or ideas
Title
Identifies the content and purpose of the visual, along with whatever label and number you’re using to refer to the visual
Descriptive title
Identified the topic of the illustration
Informative title
Calls attention to the conclusion that ought to be drawn from the data
Caption
Offers additional discussion of the visuals content and can be up to several sentences long
Legend
Helps readers explaining what various colors, symbols, or other design choices mean
When analyzing a visual element, ask yourself
Is the visual accurate
Is the visual properly documented
Is the visual honest
Process of creating videos is divided into what categories
Preproduction
Production
Postproduction
Preproduction
Purpose and scope Scene composition Camera placement Lighting Sound Shot list B-roll material
Production
Frame each shot carefully
Keep camera still
Take B roll footage
Don’t use the special effects in your camera
Postproduction
1 put video on computer and enter into editing software
2 evaluate material, identify shots kept vs those to delete
3 move video sections around as needed to put story in order
4 use B roll images and clips
5 add transitions between video segments
6 synchronize audio track with video and narration
7 add an intro
8 add text titles
9 create a distributable file. Variety of output options
